330 BIRDS OF THE ROCKIES 



478b. Long-crested jay. Cyanocitta stelleri diade- 

 MATA. Common resident ; seldom strays far east of the 

 foothills ; breeds from base of foothills to timber-line ; 

 winter range from edge of plains almost to 1 0,000 feet. 



480. Woodhouse's jay. Aphelocoma woodhousei. Com- 

 mon resident ; most common along the base of foothills 

 and lower wooded mountains ; sometimes breeds as high 

 as 8,000 feet; in fall roams up to 9,500 in special 

 instances. 



484a. Rocky Mountain jay. Perisoreus canadensis 

 CAPiTALis. Common resident ; remains near timber-line 

 throughout the year. 



486. American raven. CoRVus corax sinuatus. Res- 

 ident; common locally; breeds; rather of western Colo- 

 rado, but visitant among eastern mountains. 



487. White-necked raven. Corvus cryptoleucus. Rare 

 resident now ; formerly abundant along eastern base of 

 the front range and a hundred miles out on the plains ; 

 now driven out by advent of white man. 



488. American crow. Corvus americanus. Resident; 

 common in northeastern Colorado ; rare in the rest of the 

 State. 



491. Clark's nutcracker. Nucifraga columbiana. 

 Abundant resident ; a mountain bird ; breeds from 7,000 

 to 12,000 feet; sometimes in fall gathers in "enormous 

 flocks " ; at that season wanders up to at least 13,000 feet ; 

 most remain in the mountains through the winter, though 

 a few descend to the plains. 



492. Pinon jay. Cyanocephalus cyanocephalus. Res- 

 ident ; abundant locally ; breeds almost exclusively among 

 the pinon pines ; keeps in small parties during breeding 



