224 A BOOK-LOVER'S HOLIDAYS 



to types confined to certain of the continents. 

 Rhinoceros were found in Europe, Asia, and 

 Africa (they had once flourished in North 

 America but had died out long before man ap- 

 peared on the globe). Camels were found in 

 Asia, in South America, and especially in North 

 America, which was their centre of abundance 

 and the place where they had developed. Wild 

 oxen were found in all the continents except 

 South America; deer everywhere except in true 

 Africa, zoogeographical Africa, Africa south of 

 the Sahara. The pigs of the Old World were re- 

 placed by the entirely different peccaries of the 

 New World. Sheep, goats, and goat-antelopes 

 lived in Eurasia and North America. Most of 

 the groups of big ruminants commonly called 

 *'antelopes" are now confined to Africa; but it 

 appears that formerly various representatives 

 of them reached America. The giraffe through 

 this period was purely African; the hippo- 

 potamus has retreated to Africa, although in 

 the period we are considering its range extended 

 to Eurasia. In South America were many ex- 

 traordinary creatures totally different from one 

 another, including ground-sloths as big as ele- 

 phants. Two or three outlying representatives 

 of the ground-sloths had wandered into North 

 America; but elsewhere there were no animals 



