178 



DESCRIPTIONS OF ANTIBIOTICS 



76. Moore, G. E. et al. Caiifer 11: 1204-1214, 



1958. 



77. Waksman, S. A. et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. 



Sci. U. S. 44: 602-612, 1958. 



78. Kawamata, J. and Fujita, H. Med. J. Osaka 



Univ. 8: 737-742, 1958. 



79. Kawamata, J. and Fujita, H. Med. J. Osaka 



Univ. 743-751, 1958. 



80. Miyakawa, T. et al. Japan. J. Microhiol. 



2: 53-62, 1958. 



81. Thirumalachar, M. J. and Chosh, I). Indian 



Phytopathol. 11: 23-24, 1958. 



82. Sevcik, V. et al. Folia Biol. 4: 328-333, 1958. 



83. Bossi, R. et al. Helv. Chim. Acta 41: 1645- 



1652, 1958. 



84. l%ttlinger, L. e/ a/. Arch. Mikrol^iol. (in i)ress 



according to reference 83 j. 



85. Tsai, J. S. cl al. Med. Dosvviadczalna i 



Mikrobiol. 10: 105-125, 1958. 



86. Katz,E.e/a/. Abstr. 7th Intern. Congr. Micro- 



biol., Stockholm 387-388, 1958. 



87. Kepf, K. Experientia 14:207-208,1958. 



88. Handler, A. H. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 76: 



775-778, 1958. 



89. Loustalot, P. et al. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 



76: 838-848, 1958. 



90. Sugiura, K. et al. Cancer Research 18: 66- 



77, 1958. 



91. Tarnowski, (!. S. and Stock, C. C. Cancer 



Research (Suppl.). 24-25, 1958. 



92. Moore, G. E. et al. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer 



Research 2: 328, 1958. 



93. Farber, S. In Amino acids and peptides with 



antimetabolite activity. Ciba Foundation 

 Symposium. Little, Brown and Comjjany, 

 Boston, 1958, pp. 138-145. 



94. Tuchmann-Duplessis, H. and Mercier-Parot, 



L. Compt. rend. 247:2200 2203,1958. 



95. Brockmann, H. and Manegold, J. H. Natur- 



wissenschaften 45: 310-311, 1958. 



96. Ahmad, N. et al. Ann. Biochem. and Exptl. 



Med. 18: 17-20, 1958. 



97. Ahmad, N. et al. Ann. Biochem. and Ivxptl. 



Med. 18: 21-26, 1958. 



98. Brockmann, H. and Muxfeldt, H. Chem. 



Ber. 91: 1242-1265, 1958. 



99. Frommer, W. Arch. Mikrobiol. 32:187-206, 



1959. 



100. Katz, E. and Goss, W. A. Biochem. J. 73: 



458-465, 1959. 



101. Johnson, A. W. and Mauger, A. B. Biochem. 



J. 73: 535-538, 1959. 



102. Katz,E. Personal communication, 1960. 



103. Harada, Y. et al. Japanese Patents 789, 



790 and 791, February 18, 1959, and 898 



of February 21, 1959 (Chem. Abstr. 5.3: 

 12595a, 1959). 



104. Maevskii, M. M. et al. Antiljiotiki 4(4): 



43-45, 1959. 



105. Waksman, S. A. et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 



U. S. 32: 117-120, 1946. 



106. Hirato, Y. and Nakanishi, K. Bull. Chem. 



Soc. Japan 22: 121-127, 1949. 



107. Colsky, I. el al. Cancer Chemothera])y 



Repts. 8: 27-32, 1960. 



108. Kawata, J. et al. J. Antibiotics (Japan) 



13A: 415, 1960. 



Actinoiie 



Produced by: Streptomijces sp. resembling S. 

 antibioticiis. 



Method of extraction: Broth-filtrate stirred with 

 activated carbon. Elution with 95 per cent metha- 

 nol. Eluate concentrated in vacuo. Acetone added 

 to precipitate impurities. Filtrate freeze-dried. 

 Purified by precipitating impurities from an ab- 

 solute methanol solution with cold ether, evapo- 

 ration in vacuo, and extraction with ether. Ether- 

 insoluble fraction is lyophilized to give actinone. 



Chemical and physical -properties: Contains <1 

 per cent nitrogen. Insoluble in chloroform. Solu- 

 ble in ether, butyl acetate, benzene, and petro- 

 leum ether. 



Biological activity: Active against Saccharo- 

 niyces, W'illia, and Trichophyton species. Not 

 active on bacteria or other fungi. 



Toxicity: Mice tolerate 1 gm per kg intraven- 

 ously and 500 mg per kg subcutaneously. 



Reference: 1. Ikeda, Y. et al. J. Antibiotics 

 (Japan) 3: 726-729, 1950. 



Actiiiorliodin 



Pioduced by: Streptomyces coelicolor (2, 3). This 

 organism produces other red pigments besides 

 actinorhodin (1). 



Method of extraction: Mycelium treated with N 

 HCl for 15 minutes, filtered, exhaustively washed 

 with methanol, then dried, ground in a mill with 

 sand, and extracted with ether. Treatment with 

 A'^ NaOH gives a deep blue solution of the anti- 

 biotic (I). It is filtered; then acid is added to 

 precipitate the antibiotic (II), which is extracted 

 with acetone in a Soxhlet apparatus, then with 

 dioxane under COi (2). 



Chemical and physical properties: Dinaphtha- 

 zarin derivative (4). Probable formula (CieHu- 

 Oi)-2 : C = 60.22%; H = 4.54%; O = 35.48%. De- 

 composes without melting at about 270°C. Thin, 

 red needles (2) or microscopically fine prisms (3). 

 Solul)le in pyridine, piperidine, phenol, and al- 



