192 



DESCRIPTIONS OF ANTIBIOTICS 



genes at 12.5 /xg j^er ml, and Staph, aureus. Strep- 

 tococcus agalactiae, and B. anthracis at 25 ng per 

 ml. Inactive on other bacteria. Very active on 

 fungi and yeasts. Complete control of tomato early 

 Might (Alternaria solani) by spraying at 80 ppm. 

 Active in vivo but not in vitro on influenza PR 8 

 virus in chick embryos. 



Reference: 1. Herrmann, E. C. et al. U. S. Patent 

 2,805,185, September 3, 1957. 



Antibiotic 1(» CM 



Produced by: Strepionnjces sp. resemljling S. 

 albus. 



Method of extraction: Broth adjusted to pH 2.0, 

 autoclaved, filtered, and treated with activated 

 carbon. Filtrate adjusted to pH 8.0. Adsorption 

 on activated carbon and elution with acidic etha- 

 nol. Eluate evaporated m vacuo. Purified by chro- 

 matography on a 1:1 mixture of Celite and acti- 

 vated carbon. Development with ethanol. 



Chemical and physical properties: Soluble in 

 butanol; insoluble in ether. Reineckate soluble in 

 acetone; hydrochloride much less so. Ultraviolet 

 al)sorption spectrum maximum (water) at 252 ni/i, 

 with a shoulder at 260 to 280 m^, and an inflection 

 at 312 m/jL. Stable to autoclaving at pH 2.5 for 15 

 mi mites; less stable at neutral and alkaline pH. 

 Distinguished from amicetin, carbomycin, eryth- 

 romycin, griseomycin, methymycin, and pro- 

 actinomycin by paper chromatography. Rf = 0.12 

 (isobutylcarlMnol-n-nonanol-CCl4-propionic acid, 

 50:50:25:2). 



Biological activity: Active on gram-positive 

 bacteria; less so on gram -negative l)acteria. No 

 activity on fungi or Clostridia. B. suhtilis, 1 to 

 >100 ng per ml; Staph, aureus, 1 to 2 jug per ml; 

 Sarcina lutea, 0.1 to 0.5 jug per ml; Neisseria ca- 

 tarrhalis, 2 jug per ml; Sal. schottDiuclU'i i , 50 yug 

 per ml; E. coli, 25 to >100 ng per ml; Mycobac- 

 teri}ini spp., 50 Mg per ml. Activity antagonized 

 by cysteine, sodium thioglycolate, hydrazine, 

 and hydroxylamine. 



Toxicity: LD.io (crude powder) 500 to 700 mg per 

 kg intravenously. 



Reference: 1. Sokolski, W. T. Thesis, Purdue 

 University, 1955. 



Antibiotic 26/1 



Produced by: Streptomyces globispurus. 



Method of extraction: Extraction of the broth 

 and/or the mycelium with isobutanol at pH 7 to 

 8. Tenfold concentration of the extract under re- 

 duced pressure at 35 to 40°C. Standing 12 to 15 



hours al 4°C permits the formation of a precipi- 

 tate. Further i)urification on anion exchanger 

 AV-10. 



Chemical and physical properties: Heptaene, 

 weakly acidic, yellow, amorphous powder, crystal- 

 lized with (lifhculty. Poorly soluble in water below 

 pH 7.0. Solul)le in dimethylformamide and 80 per 

 cent diethylene glycol. Sparingly soluble in meth- 

 anol, ethanol, butanol, and acetone. Insoluble in 

 chloroform, benzene, toluene, petroleum ether, 

 ethyl acetate, and ethyl ether. Biological activity 

 lost rapidly at pH 4 to 5. Powder can be kept for 

 6 months in the refrigerator without drop in ac- 

 tivity. Alcoholic solutions give a violet color with 

 concentrated sulfuric acid. Negative biuret, xan- 

 thoproteic, and ninhydrin reactions. Ethanolic 

 solutions have light absorption maxima at 359, 380, 

 and 404 mju- Paper chromatographj^ (n-butanol- 

 acetic acid-water, 20:1:25) shows that the sub- 

 stance belongs to the candicidin-ascosin-tri- 

 chomycin group of heptaenes. 



Biological activity: Active against filamentous 

 fungi and yeasts. No activity against bacteria. 

 Against fungi, the action is not only fungistatic 

 but also fungicidal. 



Toxicity: LD.Mi(mice)9to 11 mg per kg intraperi- 

 toneally, 520 to 740 mg per kg, subcutaneously. 

 The most purified preparation has an intraperi- 

 toneal LD.50 of 35 to 60 mg per kg. 



Reference: 1. Tsyganov, V. A. et al. Antihiotiki 

 4(1): 21-26, 1959." 



Antibiotic 30-10 



Produced by: Streptouiyces sp. (1). 



Method of extraction: Broth-filtrate extracted 

 with benzene at pH 5.4. Extract concentrated to 

 dryness in vacuo (1, 2). 



Chemical and physical properties: Crude sub- 

 stance: yellow-brown. Soluble in methanol, etha- 

 nol, butanol, amyl acetate, ether, benzene, and 

 chloroform. Scarcely soluble in petroleum ether 

 and water. Heat -stable at mildly acid pH (2). 



Biological activity: Active on certain fungi {e.g., 

 Alternaria solani, liotrytis bassiana, Gloeosporium. 

 nelumbii, Colletotrichum lagenarium, Fusarium 

 lini, Gibberella zeae, Penicillium glaucum, Rhizoc- 

 tonia solani, and Sclcrotinia) . Very slight to no 

 activity on yeasts and bacteria (1, 2). 



References: 



1. Nisikado, G. et al. Xogaku Kenk.\u 13: 



63-72, 1955. 



2. Nisikado, Y. et al. Ber. Ohara Inst, land- 



wirtsch. Biol. Okayama Univ. 10: 229-240, 

 1956. 



