DESCRIPTIONS OF ANTIBIOTICS 



193 



Antibiotic 136 



Produced by: Streptomyces lavendulae and an 

 nnidentified Streptomyces sp. (1). 



Remarks: Streptothricin-like. One of the com- 

 ponents of broth (Fraction B) is slreptothricin 

 (1,2). 



Method of extraction: Broth-filtrate treated with 

 carbon at pH 2.5. Adsorption on Folin Decalso 

 at pH 7.5 and ehition with 10 per cent aqueous 

 NH4CI. Eluate adsorbed on 13arco G-60 at pH 

 7.4 and eluted with 0.05 A' HCl in 50 per cent 

 aqueous methanol. Eluates concentrated in vacuo, 

 filtered, and antibiotic precipitated out on addi- 

 tion of acetone. ReiJrecipitated from methanol 

 with acetone. Can also be adsorbed on Super 

 Filtrol at pH 7.0 and eluted by acidic solutions 

 (pH 1.5 to 2.0) of the sulfates or hydrochlorides of 

 pyridine, diethylamine, or brucine (1). 



Chemical and physical properties: Basic sul)- 

 stance. White amorphous powder. HCl salt: Sol- 

 uble in methanol and water. Sulfate: Precipitated 

 from aqueous solutions with methanol. Precipi- 

 tated by Ag"*", flavianic and picrolonic acids. Most 

 stable to heating at pH 2.0 (1). Broth contains 

 five components; purified substance contains at 

 least three, including streptothricin (2). 



Biological activity: Active on gram-po.sitive and 

 gram-negative bacteria, mycobacteria, and fungi. 

 Most active at alkaline pH. Glucose decrea.ses ac- 

 tivity on Staph, albus and E. coli. No activity in 

 riro on pneinnococcal (Type I) infections in mice 

 (1). 



Toxicity: LDso (mice) 0.2 mg per kg intrave- 

 nously or subcutaneously. Orally, mice tolerate 

 >94 mg per kg. 



References: 



1. Bohonos, N. el al. Arch. Biochem. 15: 215- 



225, 1947. 



2. Benedict, R. G. Botan. Rev. 19: 229-320, 



1953. 



Antibiotic 156 



Produced by: Streptomyces sp. resembling S. 

 lavendulae. 



Remarks: Supjiosed to belong to the strepto- 

 thricin group, but has no antifungal activity. 



Method of extraction: Extraction like that of 

 streptomycin. Purified by alumina chromatog- 

 raphy. 



Chemical and physical properties: Basic polypep- 

 tide. Sulfate: Amorphous substance. Decomposes 

 at 124°C. Soluble in water and methanol, [ajf = 

 -1-22.5 (c = 1.09 per cent in H2O). Positive biuret, 

 Fehling, Benedict, and silver nitrate tests. Nega- 



tive maltol, Sakaguchi, and FeCU tests. Hydroly- 

 sis products include leucine, valine, proline, ser- 

 ine, and lysine. The peptide lysine-serine was also 

 [sohited. Helianthate: Plates; m.p. 280-28rC (de- 

 composition). 



Biological activity: Active on gram-po.sitive and 

 gram-negative bacteria and mycobacteria. No 

 activity on fungi or viruses. 



Toxicity: LD50 100 mg per kg (no route given). 



Reference: 1. Kawamata, J. and Fujimoto, Y. 

 J. Antibiotics (Japan) 7B: 192, 1954. 



.Antibiotic 146 



Produced by: Nocardia mesenterica. -^ 



Synonym: Has properties in common with leuco- 

 mycin. 



Method of extraction: See mesenterin. 



Chemical and physical properties: Basic sub- 

 stance: white; m.p. 81-87°C. Ultraviolet light 

 absorption maxima at 230 to 231 m^ {Eum 369) and 

 at 280 m/x (E'lL 13.2) in ethanolic solutions, [aj^ = 

 82° (c = 0.5 per cent in ethanol). C = (30.47%; 

 H = 7.99%; N = 2.02%. Negative Fehling reac- 

 tion. Brown color upon addition of concentrated 

 sulfuric acid. A 90 per cent loss of activity upon 

 heating at 100°C for 30 minutes at pH 2.0. No loss 

 at pH 4.0 to 8.0. 



Biological activity: Active in vitro against gram- 

 positive bacteria. No activity against gram- 

 negative bacteria. 



'Toxicity: Low. 



Reference: 1. Ueda, M. and Umezawa, H. J. 

 Antibiotics (Japan) 8A: I(i4-1B7, 1955. 



Antibiotic .>»7/1.3 



Produced by: An actinomycete closely related to 

 Streptomyces lavendulae. 



Method of extraction: Adsorption on carbon at 

 pH 8; elution with methanol at pH 1.5 to 2 or 

 with 20 per cent aqueous acetone. Precipitation 

 with acetone after concentration of eluate. Fur- 

 ther purification by formation of a iterate which 

 is transformed into a hydrochloride. 



Chemical and physical properties: Basic sub- 

 stance. Crude preparations of the hydrochloride 

 are hygroscopic, white powders. Soluble in water, 

 methanol, and ethanol; insoluble in ether, acetone, 

 chloroform, benzene, ethyl acetate, and butanol. 

 Very stable. Positive Pauly reaction; negative 

 maltol, Sakaguchi, ninhydrin, biuret, and Molisch 

 tests. Decolorization of permanganate solutions 

 and bromine water. 



Biological activity: Active against gram-positive 

 and gram-negative bacteria. Active against fungi, 



