194 



DESCRIPTIOXS OF ANTIBIOTICS 



mainly strains of Candida. Effective in the treat- 

 ment of experimental candidiasis. 



Toxicity: Nephrotoxic to animals. 



Reference: 1. Trakhtenberg, D. M. et aJ . Anti- 

 biotiki 4(2): 9-13, 1959. 



Antibiotic 721 



Produced by: Streptomyces sp. 



Method of extraction: Isolation procedure like 

 that for streptothricin. Purified by chromatog- 

 raphy on alumina with methanol as solvent, and 

 by countercurrent distribution (n-butanol-water). 



Chemical and physical properties: Amber-reddish 

 substance. Very soluble in water and methanol; 

 solul)le in ethanol and in acetone, giving a dark 

 brown color like FeCl.-! . On acidification, the 

 brown-colored methanolic solution changes to 

 straw-yellow, then to dark salmon after a few mo- 

 ments. On adjusting to alkaline pH the color be- 

 comes brilliant yellow. Positive Molisch test. 

 Negative Schiff, Benedict, Millon, and Sakaguchi 

 tests. Negative Grove-Randell tests for carl)o- 

 mycin and erythromycin. 



Biological activity: Active on gram-positive bac- 

 teria. Inactive on mycobacteria, Nocardia, gram- 

 negative bacteria (except Neisseria and Brucella), 

 and yeasts. 



Toxicity: Mice tolerate 500 tng per kg subcu- 

 taneously. 



Reference: 1. Albuquerque, M. M. et al. Rev. 

 inst. antibioticos 1: 89-94, 1958. 



Antibiotic 1212 



Produced by: Strains of blue-violet Strepto- 

 myces. 



Synonym: Antibiotic 452-7. 



Chemical and physical properties: Red-violet 

 substance, insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol. 



Biological activity: Active against gram-positive 

 bacteria including Staph, aureus. Inactive in vitro 

 and in vivo against mouse encephalomyelitis virus 

 (Theiler's virus), experimental poliomyelitis in 

 cotton rats, and herpes virus (Min strain). In 

 chick embryos, marked inhibitory effect upon 

 types A, A-1, and B influenza virus. No virucidal 

 effect on influenza virus. 



Toxicity: Mice tolerate up to 0.1 mg subcutane- 

 ously and 0.001 mg intracerebrally (doses given 

 per 8 to 10 gm mouse). 



Reference: 1. Tiermanova, K. I. X'opros}- Vir- 

 usol. 4(1): 71-70, 1959. 



.Antibiotic 1943 



Produced by: Streptomyces sp. 



Method of extraction: Broth-hit rate passed 



through a carbo.xylic-type cation exchange resin 

 (Na+ form). Elution with 6 per cent HCl. Most 

 activity in the fraction at neutrality (I). Acid 

 fractions are neutralized, filtered, and added to I. 

 Clarified with Norit at acid pH. Filtrate neutra- 

 lized and retreated with Norit. Elution with 80 

 per cent aqueous methanol. Methanol distilled to 

 dryness. Residue dissolved in water and freeze 

 dried. 



Chemical and physical properties: Crystalline. 

 Positive Sakaguchi, Molisch, and ninhydrin tests. 

 Negative maltol and biuret tests. 



Biological activity: Active on Staph, aureus, B. 

 subtilis, Pr. vulgaris, and Sal. typhosa at 0.1 Mg 

 per ml; K. pneumoniae, E. coli, and A. aerogenes 

 at 1.0 Mg per ml; and B. cereus and Ps. aeruginosa 

 at 10 Mg per ml. Very weak activity on mycobac- 

 teria. Active in vivo on D. pneumoniae, Strepto- 

 coccus hemolyticus , and K. pneumoniae. Active on 

 Sal. typhimurium infections in mice. 



Toxicity: Ototoxic to cats. 



Reference: 1. Murray, F. J. et al. Antibiotics & 

 Chemotherapy 7: 345-348, 1957. 



Antibiotic 2814Iv 



Produced by: Streptomyces sp. belonging to the S. 

 reticuli group. This organism also produces netrop- 

 sin and a pentaene antifungal antibiotic. 



Synonym: Probably identical to mycolutein. 



Method of extraction: Mycelium extracted with 

 butanol. Crystallized from dimethylformamide- 

 water or chloroform-isopropanol. 



Chemical and physical properties: Long yellow- 

 green needles or irregular yellow plates; m.p. 

 154-150°C. Very soluble in alcohols, ketones, es- 

 ters, ether, and benzene. Soluble in chloroform, 

 pyridine, and dimethylformamide. Poorly soluble 

 or insoluble in petroleum ether and water. Gives an 

 olive-green color in concentrated H2SO4 that rap- 

 idly changes to red-brown. Ultraviolet absorption 

 spectrum maxima at 255 and 345 niM- [alo = +44° 

 (c = 0.75 per cent in chloroform). C = (i6.52%; 

 H = 6.09%; N = 3.52%. 



Biological activity: Weakly fungistatic. Inhil)its 

 P. nofatiim. P. glaucum. and .4. niger at >() Mg 

 per ml. 



Toxicity: Very to.xic. Mice tolerate 1 mg per kg 

 subcutaneously, but 2 mg per kg is lethal. 



Reference: 1. Thrum, H. Naturwissenschaften 

 46: 87, 1959. 



Antibiotic 6270 



Produced by: Streptomyces (Actinomyces) flavo- 

 chromogenes (1). 



Synonym: Brazhiukova states that this anti- 



