DESCRIPTIONS OF ANTIBIOTICS 



199 



Toxicil!/: Similar to actinonihiii; less toxic than 

 streptothricin. Causes necrosis of the liver and 

 renal damage at high concentrations. 



Reference: 1. Weiser, R. S. et al . Proc. Soc. Exptl. 

 BioL Med. 72: 283-287, 1949. 



Antibiotic F 43 



Produced by: Streptoniyces sp. 



Sj/nnni/in: Related to actinolenkin and levomy- 

 cin. 



Method of extraction: Broth hltered at pH 7.0, 

 and treated with acidic clay at pH 8.0. Elation 

 with 80 per cent aqueous acetone. Acetone re- 

 moved by evaporation; aqueous residue extracted 

 with butjd acetate at pH 8.0. Extract concentrated 

 to dryness in vacuo. Chromatographed on alumina 

 from a butyl acetate-ether (2:1) solution. De- 

 veloped with ethyl ether, followed by butyl ace- 

 tate and ethyl ether (1:1), and hnally butyl ace- 

 tate which elutes the antibiotic. Precipitated from 

 ethanol with petroleum ether. Recrystallized from 

 ethanol at — 10°C. 



Chemical and physical properties: White plate- 

 lets; m.p. 2r2-214°C. Soluble in methanol, 

 ethanol, butanol, amyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, chlo- 

 roform, and dichloroethylene. Insoluble in petro- 

 leum ether, benzene, ether, and distilled water. 

 Positive Molisch (purple color) test. Negative 

 ninhydrin, biuret, xanthoproteic, Hopkins-Cole, 

 FehUng, Millon, and Fed., tests. C = 54.33%; 

 H = 5.95%; N = 14.13%. No S or halogens. Ultra- 

 violet absorption spectrum maxima at 243 m^ 

 (EJL 425) and 320 to 325 niM (^IL 145) (c = 0.1 

 per cent in aqueous methanol). Infrared spectrum 

 given in reference 1. Stable to boiling at pH 2.0 

 to 9.0 for 20 minutes. 



Biological activity: Very active on gram-positive 

 bacteria (<0.01 to 0.4 /xg per ml). Not active on 

 gram-negative bacteria, except Sal. enteritidis 

 (1.6 mg per ml) and Ps. aeruginosa. Not active on 

 most fungi and yeasts tested, except A. niger (6.3 

 Mg per ml), Sacch. cerevisiae (6.3 Mg per ml), and 

 Botrytis bassiana (1.6 Mg per ml). Active on PR 8 

 influenza virus in i'i7/'0, probably affecting the host 

 cell in some way (1, 2). Also active on PR 8 in oro, 

 but not in mice (3). 



Toxicity: LD50 (mice) 0.6 mg per kg intraperi- 

 toneally, 1.2 mg per kg subcutaneously. 



References: 



1. Higo, N. ('/ al. Japan. J. Microliiol. I: 91- 



97, 1957. 



2. Miyakawa, T. et al. Japan. J. Microliiol. 



2: 53-62, 1958. 



3. Hinuma, Y. et al. Japan. J. Microbiol. 2: 



63-68, 1958. 



Antibiotic F 256 



Produced by: Streptomyces sp. 



Method of extraction: Broth-filtrate extracted 

 with n-butanol at pH 8.0. Extract evaporated in 

 vacuo with addition of water. Aqueous residue 

 extracted with ethyl ether at pH 8.0. Extract 

 concentrated to dryness in vacuo. 



Chemical and physical properties: White powder, 

 soluble in methanol, ethanol, butanol, amyl alco- 

 hol, acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform, dichloro- 

 ethylene, and ether. Insoluble in petroleum ether, 

 benzene, and distilled water. Stable to boiling 

 for 20 minutes at pH 2.0 to 9.0. Ultraviolet ab- 

 sorption maximum at 275 niM (c = 0.1 per cent in 

 aciueous methanol). 



Biological activity: Very active on gram-posi- 

 tive bacteria. Not active on gram-negative bac- 

 teria, fungi, or yeasts, except .4. niger (3.2 Mg per 

 ml), Sacch. cerevisiae (12.5 Mg per ml), and Botrytis 

 bassiana (25 Mg per ml). Active on influenza PR 8 

 virus in tissue culture. 



Toxicity: LD.so (mice) 1 mg per kg intraperito- 

 neall3^ 



Reference: 1. Higo. N. et al. Japan. J. Micro- 

 biol. 1: 91-97, 1957. 



Antibiotic F 416 



Produced by: Streptomyces sp. 



Method of extraction: Broth-filtrate extracted 

 with ethyl acetate. Extract concentrated to drj-- 

 ness in vacuo. Residue dissolved in ethanol and 

 precipitated with cold water at pH 2.0. Chromato- 

 graphed from ether-petroleum ether (9:1) solu- 

 tion on alumina. Developed with petroleum ether, 

 ether and petroleum ether (1:1), then ether. Ether 

 fraction evaporated to drj-ness, then precipitated 

 from an ether-petroleum ether (9:1) solution at 

 room temperature. 



Chemical and physical properties: Colorless 

 needles; m.i). 114-117°C. Soluble in methanol, 

 ethanol, butanol, amyl alcohol, acetone, ethyl 

 acetate, chloroform, dichloroethylene, and ether. 

 Not soluble in petroleum ether, benzene, or dis- 

 tilled water. Negative Molisch, Fehling, Millon, 

 xanthoproteic, FeCls , biuret, and Hopkins-Cole 

 tests. Stable at pH 5.0 to 7.0 but not 2.0 or 9.0 

 when boiled 20 minutes. Ultraviolet absorption 

 spectrum showed onh' end-absorption (c = 0.1 

 per cent in aciueous methanol). 



Biological activity: Not active on bacteria, ex- 

 cept Sarcina lutea (<0.05 Mg per ml) and Micro- 

 coccus citreus (<0.05 Mg per ml). Not active on 

 fungi and yeasts, except A. niger (3.2 Mg per ml), 

 Absidia orchitis (6.3 Mg per ml), and a Mycotorida 

 sp. (12.5 Mg per ml). Active in tissue culture on 



