206 



DESCRIPTIONS OF ANTIBIOTICS 



truni iiuixinia: in ethanol: 218 ni/u (log e 4.G6), 

 289 m/i (log e 4.G0), 370 niju (log e4.0G) with shoul- 

 ders at 273 niM (log e 4.39) and 305 niju (log « 4.48) ; 

 in 0.1 N ethanolic HCl: 269 m^ (log e 4.46), 292 

 niM (log 6 4.40), 321 ibm (log e 4.22), 340 ni/^ (log 

 e 4.22), and 370 m/u (log e 4.14), and a shoulder at 

 228 niM (log e 4.49) ; zn 0.7 N ethanolic NaOH: 225 

 niM (log 6 4.51), 256 mju (log e 4.43), 296 m^ (log 

 e 4.50), 385 niju (log e 4.34), and shoulders at 230 

 mn (log e 4.52), 320 mn (log « 4.31), and 345 m^ 

 (log e 4.13). Monoacetate: m.p. 205-207°C. Triace- 

 tate: m.p. 248°C. Partial formula (one oxygen un- 

 placed) : 



-CH3 

 OH 

 -CH=CH 



OH O OH 



-2H 



-CH=CH 



2A 



Biological activity: Active mainly on gram-posi- 

 tive bacteria. Very slight activity on gram-nega- 

 tive bacteria and C. albicans (125 ^g per ml), but 

 active on Ps. pyocyaneus at 5 /ug per nd. Not ac- 

 tive on M. tuberculosis. 



Toxicity: Mice tolerate 1 gm per kg orally. 



Reference: 1. Vora, V. C. et al. J. Sci. Ind. Re- 

 search (India) 16C: 182-185, 1957. 



Antibiotic X 464 



Produced by: Streptomyces sp. 



Method of extraction: Most of the antil)iotic pres- 

 ent in cells. Extraction from mycelium with meth- 

 anol, concentration in vacuo. Extraction of concen- 

 trate with butyl acetate, concentration in vacuo. 

 Extraction of residue with petroleum ether, con- 

 centration in vacuo. Residual oil partitioned be- 

 tween aqueous methanol and petroleiun ether. By 

 successive aqueous methanol extraction, most of 

 the activity is collected in the methanol, which is 

 concentrated in vacuo. Residue dissolved in ben- 

 zene and chromatographed over alumina. 



Chemical and physical properties: Colorless or- 

 ganic acid; m.p. 170~172°C (decomposition). No 

 characteristic absorption in ultraviolet light. 

 C25H40O7 . 



Biological activity: Active in vitro against gram- 

 positive bacteria and mycobacteria. Not active in 

 vivo against bacterial or protozoan infections. 



Toxicity: LD50 (mice) 2.5 mg per kg intraperito- 

 neally. 



Reference: 1. Berger, J. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 

 73: 5295-5298, 1951. 



Anliltiolic X 5.37A 



Produced by: Streptomyces sp. 



Method of extraction: Most of the antilnotic pres- 

 ent in the cells. Extraction of cell material with 

 butyl alcohol, concentration in vacuo, washing 

 with sodium carbonate, drying to solid. Extraction 

 of this solid in a Soxhlet apparatus with petroleum 

 ether. Concentration in vacuo; crystallization from 

 petroleum ether. 



Chemical and physical properties: Colorless or- 

 ganic acid; m.p. 100-109°C. [aJo = —7.2° in metha- 

 nol. Maximal light al)sorption at 317 and 249 ni/u 

 in isopropyl alcohol. Soluble in organic solvents; 

 insoluble in water. Maximal light absorption of 

 the sodium salt at 308 and 245 mn. C34H62O8 . 



Biological activity: Active in vitro against gram- 

 positive bacteria and mycobacteria. No activity 

 in vivo against bacterial or protozoan infections. 



Toxicity: LD50 (mice) 40 mg per kg intraperi- 

 toneally. 



Reference: 1 . Berger, J. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 

 73: 5295-5298, 1951. 



Aiitil>iotic of Cliaiidraselvliai' 



Produced by: Streptomyces sp. 



Method of extraction: Extraction from broth 

 with ethylene dichloride. Extract dried with 

 Na2S04 and concentrated to dryness under re- 

 duced pressvare at 40 °C. 



Chemical and physical properties: Red substance. 

 Sparingly soluble in water; highly soluble in etha- 

 nol, butyl alcohol, and ethylene dichloride. Inac- 

 tivated at 60 °C and above. 



Biological activity: Active on gram-negative and 

 gram-positive bacteria, including Ps. pyocyanea 

 (2 ij.g per ml) and mycobacteria (5 to 20 ^g per ml) . 

 Not active on fungi or actinomycetes. 



Reference: 1. Chandrasekhar, S. Antiliiotics & 

 Chemotherapy 5: 742-743, 1955. 



Antibiotic of Mukherjee 



Produced by: Streptomyces sp. resembling the »S. 

 fiadiae-S. californicus group, but different from 

 the neomycin-producer. 



Method of extraction: Adsorption on charcoal, 

 elution with SO per cent acetone (pH 2.2). Acetone 

 evaporated off in vacuo. Addition of acetone to the 

 residue precipitates the antibiotic. Recrystalliza- 

 tion from water. 



Chemical and physical properties: Soluble in 

 water; insoluble in organic solvents. Stable at 

 100 °C for 30 minutes. Not affected by cysteine or 

 acid pH. Chromatography (n-butanol-piperidine 

 p-toluenesulfonic acid and methanol-water, 9:1) 



