DESCRIPTIONS OF ANTIBIOTICS 



207 



indicates that the antibiotic differs from strepto- 

 mycin, streptothricin, and neomycin. Forms a 

 heli ant hate. 



Biological activity: Culture active on gram-posi- 

 tive and gram-negative bacteria (including strep- 

 tomycin-resistant E. coli), mycobacteria, and 

 fungi. Broth active against gram-positive and 

 gram-negative bacteria. 



Reference: 1. ^lukherjee, S. K. et al. Indian J. 

 Pharm. 15: 281-282, 1953. 



Antibiotic of Kollaiid 



Produced by: Streptomyces sp. 



Method of extraction: Extracted from broth with 

 ethyl acetate. Purification by chromatography on 

 alumina. 



Chemical and physical properties: Acidic sub- 

 stance. Yellow powder. Soluble in methanol, 

 ethanol, and acetone. Insoluble in water. (Na salt 

 most soluble in water at pH 6.5 to 7.0.) Said to 

 differ from other known antibiotics in ultraviolet 

 absorption and Rf values on chromatography. 



Biological activity: Active on gram-positive and 

 certain strains of gram-negative bacteria. Active 

 on mycobacteria, but not pathogenic yeasts or 

 fungi. No cross-resistance with clinicalh^ common 

 antibiotics. Active in vivo in protecting mice 

 against D. pneumoniae, Streptococcus faecalis, and 

 Pr. vulgaris infections. 



Toxicity: LD50 (mice) 500 mg per kg intrave- 

 nously, >4 gm per kg orally. 



Reference: 1. RoUand, G. et al. Rass. med. sper. 

 2: 321-322, 1955. 



Antibiotic of Sackniann 



Produced by: Streptomyces sp. resembling *S. 

 roseochromoyenes . 



Method of extraction: Adsorption on activated 

 carbon, and elution with acidic methanol (pH 3.0). 

 Eluate neutralized and methanol removed by dis- 

 tillation in vacuo. Residue precipitated from a 

 solution in warm methanol by addition of anhy- 

 drous ether. Purified by hydrochloride — ' pic- 

 rate -^ hydrochloride salt conversion. Purified by 

 chromatography on alumina (acidic) with metha- 

 nol as solvent and developer. The fastest moving 

 zone, giving a bright blue fluorescence, is the anti- 

 biotic. Addition of anhydrous ether to the concen- 

 trate of the active fractions precipitates the anti- 

 l)iotic. 



Chemical and physical properties: Polypeptide 

 with a reducing sugar moiety. White amorphous 

 powder. Becomes yellow at 144°C, brownish at 

 169°C, and chars at 235°C. Very soluble in water 

 and acidic (HCl to pH 3) methanol. Not soluble 



in ether, acetone, isopropjd alcohol, or other or- 

 ganic solvents. Gives an orange color wliich is 

 quantitative with Weber's reagent. Positive Mol- 

 isch, Fehling, and biuret reactions. Negative 

 Sakaguchi, maltol, FeCls , ninhydrin, Millon, 

 Elson-^Iorgan, Hopkins-Cole, and xanthoproteic 

 tests. 



Biological activity: Active on gram-positive bac- 

 teria; less active on gram-negative bacteria. Much 

 less active on streptococci than on staphylococci. 



Toxicity: LD50 (mice) 150 to 160 mg per kg. 

 Nephrotoxic. 



Reference: 1. Sackmann, F. Zentr. Bakteriol. 

 Parasitenk., Abt. II 109: 42-72, 1956. 



Antifungal Antibiotic 757 



Produced by: Streptomyces sp. 



Method of extraction: Broth-filtrate extracted 

 with butanol at pH 9.0. Extract concentrated in 

 vacuo just until a fine precipitate is formed. Pre- 

 cipitate washed with petroleum ether and re-ex- 

 tracted into acjueous butanol (1:1). Butanol frac- 

 tion concentrated and new precipitate washed 

 with ether-acetone (4:1). 



Chemical and physical properties: Heptaeue. 

 Amorphous yellow powder. Soluljle in pyridine 

 and NaOH solutions. Slightly soluble in methanol, 

 ethanol, and propylene glj'col. Scarcely soluble 

 in butanol. Insoluble in acetone, chloroform, 

 benzol, petroleum ether, and water. Photo -labile. 

 Precipitated by Group 2 metals from aciueous 

 solution. Relatively thermostable. Ultraviolet ab- 

 sorption spectrum maxima (methanol) at 361, 381, 

 and 404 m/i. 



Biological activity: Active on yeasts and fungi. 

 Reduces number of seminal cells in germinal tissue 

 of mice and rabbits, and has antimitotic effects on 

 the glandular crypts of mouse intestine and root 

 meristem cells of Allium repa. No activity on 

 Ehrlich adenocarcinoma in mice. 



Toxicity: LD50 (mice) 5 mg per kg intraperito- 

 neally, 60 mg per kg subcutaneously. 



Reference: 1. Craveri, R. and Giolitti, G. Ann. 

 Microbiol. 7: 81-92, 1956. 



Antifungal Antibiotic 7071 R. P. 



Produced by: Streptomyces sp. resembling S. 

 kitasatoensis. 



Method of extraction: Broth-filtrate extracted 

 with butanol. Concentration of the solvent pre- 

 cipitates the antibiotic. Recrystallization from 

 water-saturated butanol. 



Chemical and physical properties: Tetraene; m.p. 

 275-280°C (decomposition). [a]l° = -f90° (c = 1 

 per cent in methanol) ; = -f80° (c = 1 per cent in 



