DESCRIPTIONS OF ANTIBIOTICS 



209 



Method of extraction: Broth-filtrate extracted 

 first with ethyl acetate at pH 4.0 to remove anti- 

 fungal antibiotic J 4A and antibiotic J 4, then with 

 l)utanol at i)H 8.0. Extract concentrated in vacuo. 

 Residual solution taken up in methanol. Addition 

 of ether precipitates J 4B. Antil)iotic also ])resent 

 in mycelium. 



Chemical and physical properties: Tetraene. 

 Yellow powder. Insoluble in ether, petroleum 

 ether, and chloroform. Positive Sakaguchi reac- 

 tion. Negative ninhydrin, biuret, Millon, Molisch, 

 Seliwanoff, and FeCl.3 tests; weakly positive ToUen 

 test. Gives a brown color in 40 per cent H2SO4 . 

 Ultraviolet absorption spectrum maxima at about 

 288, 303, and 311 m,j.. 



Biological activity: Active on yeasts and filamen- 

 tous fungi. Not active on bacteria. 



Reference: 1. Taguchi, H. and Nakano, A. J. 

 Fermentation Technol. 35: 145-149, 1957. 



Antifungal Antibiolifs <>f |{a<> anti I nia 



Produced by: Streptoniyces s])]). related to S. 

 viridans (1). 



Method of extraction: Extracted with n-butanol 

 from broths and mycelium (1). 



Chemical and physical characteristics: Three an- 

 tibiotics, A, B, and C, have Rf values of 0.00, 0.33, 

 and 0.95, respectively, on paper chromatography 

 (benzene-acetic acid-water, 2:2:1). A and B have 

 ultraviolet absorption spectrum maxima at 3()(), 

 380, and 405 m/i, indicating that they are hep- 

 taenes. C has no characteristic absorption from 

 250 to 400 m« (1). 



Biological activity: Active on yeasts and prol)a- 

 l)ly on other fungi. Not active on bacteria (1). 



Reference: 1. Rao, P. L. N. and Uma, B. N. 

 Nature, London 182: 115-110, 1958. 



Aniifnngal Heplaene F 17C 



Produced by: Streptomyces cinnamomeus f. aza- 

 coluta. 



Method of extraction: Extraction of m^'celium 

 with 95 per cent ethanol. Extract concentrated 

 in vacuo under nitrogen. Precipitate collected and 

 washed with water. Precipitate dissolved in n- 

 l)utanol-pyridine-water (1:1:2) and added to n- 

 butanol-water (7:8). Emulsion is centrifuged. 

 Concentration of the upper phase luider nitrogen 

 and in vacuo to three-fifths of the original volume. 

 The polyene precipitates and is washed and dried. 



Chemical and physical properties: Amphoteric 

 heptaene. Amorphous yellow powder. Deep blue 

 color with sidfuric acid. Absor])tioii of light simi- 

 lar to candidin, with a maximum at 335 ni/i in 

 aqueous neutral solutions. In ethanol, peaks at 



408, 383, 3(i5, and 347 m^i (weak) with a shoulder 

 at 320 m^.. Insoluble in ether, petroleum ether, 

 benzene, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and water. 

 Soluble in pyridine, methanol, and dimethyl sulf- 

 oxide. Slightly soluble in absolute ethanol and 

 acetone; solubility increases upon addition of 

 water to these solvents. Unstable: half -life of neu- 

 tral aqueous solutions 1 hour at 70°C, of neutral 95 

 per cent ethanolic solutions4 to 6 days at 4°C in the 

 dark. Paper chromatography suggests that F 17C 

 has one factor in common with ascosinand another 

 one with PA 150 and the antifungal antibiotic 757. 



Biological activity: Active against yeasts and 

 filamentous fungi. Inactive against bacteria and 

 actinomycetes. 



Reference: 1. Craveri, R. ct al. Antibiotics & 

 Chemotherajjv 10: 430-439, 19()0. 



.\nlini^ cins 



Produced by: Streptomyces sp. (1, 15, 18, 25, 

 27), S. kitasawaensis (17), and S. griseus (27). 



Synonyms: Antimj-cin A, antimycin A 35 (1, 15), 

 antimycin A 102 (15), antipiriculin A (17), virosin 

 (19), antibiotic 720A (18). See also blastmycin. 



Remarks: Like the actinomycins, the antimycin 

 complexes contain a number of closely related sul)- 

 stances. The complex ijroduced by one organism 

 may contain the same components as the complex 

 ])roduced i)y another, but in different proportions. 

 One complex may contain components not found 

 in another. 



Method of extraction: Brotli, adjusted to pH 9.0, 

 treated with Celite 503, filtered, and filtrate ad- 

 justed to pH 2.5 and retreated with Celite. Celite 

 washed with acidic water and eluted with 95 per 

 cent ethanol. Ethanol concentrated in vacuo, and 

 extracted successively with chloroform. Chloro- 

 form extract concentrated in vacuo to a dark oil. 

 Oil extracted with benzene. Benzene equilibrated 

 with an etiual volume of 70 per cent ethanol. Ben- 

 zene laj-er, after separation, concentrated in 

 vacuo to a dark oil. Oil stirred with petroleum 

 ether, and the brown solid that separates is ex- 

 tracted exhaustively with pctioleuni ctluM' in a 

 Soxhlet apparatus. Resulting light tan solid crys- 

 tallized from ether, and recrystallized from metha- 

 nol and l)enzene-petroleum ether. Further puri- 

 fication i)y countercurrent distribution and 

 partition chromatography (10, 23, 24). 



Chemical and physical properties: All the anti- 

 mycin components have the following general 

 properties: Colorless substances. Soluble in meth- 

 anol, ethanol, acetone, ether, n-butanol, chloro- 

 form, and ethyl acetate. Slightly soluble in pe- 

 troleum ether, benzene, carbon disulfide, carbon 



