DESCRIPTIONS OF ANTIBIOTICS 



218 



Cheniical and physical ptopertics: Powder. Sol- 

 uble ill methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, 

 chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and benzene. 

 Slightly soluble in ether and ethyl Cellosolve. 

 Insoluble ill water. Ultraviolet absorption spec- 

 trum maxima at 217 ran (methanol) or at 225 and 

 337.5 m;u (alkaline aqueous solution). Infrared 

 spectrum given in reference 1. Rf values given in 

 reference 1 . Stable in the culture broth at pH 2 to 

 7, but unstable to pH 8.0. 



Biological activity: Active on Ehrlich carcinoma 

 and HeLa cells in vitro. Inliibited increase of 

 ascites and prolonged survival of mice with Ehr- 

 lich ascites carcinoma. 



Toxicity: LD50 2.5 to 5.0 mg per kg intrave- 

 nously. Mice tolerate 2.5 mg per kg intraperitone- 

 ally. 



Reference: 1. Murase, AI. et al. J. Antiijiotics 

 (Japan) 12A: 75-80, 1959. 



Aiilitiinior Aiilihiolic K ~'^ 



Produced by: Streptoniyces albulns. This culture 

 produces nystatin and two forms of cyclohexim- 

 ide, in addition to E 73. 



Remarks: Physical and some chemical jjrojjerties 

 of E 73 are said to resemble cycloheximide and the 

 streptovitacins. 



Chemical and physical propeities: Colorless 

 crystals. CnHooOgN. 3-[2-(3,5-Dimethyl-5-acet- 

 oxy-2-oxocyclohexyl) -2-hydroxyet hyl ] glutarim - 

 ide. Degradation products given in reference 2. 

 Structural formula: 



CH3 



./ 



O 



CH3 



)CHOHCHo 



NH 



OCOCH3 O 



Biological activity: Active on sarcoma ISO in 

 mice (1). 

 References : 



1. Rao, K. V. and CuUen, W. P. Abstr. 134th 



Meeting Am. Chem Soc. 22 -O to 23-0, 

 1958. 



2. Rao, K. V. Abstr. 134th Meeting Am. Chem. 



Soc. 23-0, 1958. 



3. Rao, K. V. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. «2: 



1127-1132, 19(30. 



Antivirubin 



Produced by: Streptoniyces longispororuber (2). 

 Chemical and physical pioperties: Pigment (1). 



Biological activity: Active against gram-positive 

 bacteria (2) and against influenza, vaccinia, and 

 tobacco mosaic viruses in vitro (1). 



Toxicity: Said to be toxic (1). 



References: 



1. Germanova, K. I. Voprosy Virusol. 4(1): 



71-7(3, 1959. 



2. Tremina,G. A. Antibiotiki 1(4): 9-13, 1950. 



A.scosin 



Produced by: Streptoniyces canescus (1, 5). 



Synonyms: Similar to trichomycin and candici- 

 din. 



Method (if extraction : Mycelium extra.cted witli 

 methanol, ])yridinc, or ([uinoline (1). Broth ex- 

 tracted with l>utanol at pH 7 to 8. Heptane or 

 "Stoddard solvent" added to extract at pH 7 to 

 8, followed l)y solid NaHCO:; (8 gm per gallon); 

 pH adjusted to 9.5 to 10.5 with NaOH. Aciueous 

 layer cooled, then adjusted to ])H 4.0 to precipi- 

 tate ascosin (5). 



Chemical and physical properties: Contains two 

 heptane components, A (ethanol-soluble) and B 

 (ethanol -insoluble). Component A: Ultraviolet 

 absorption spectrum maxima at 340, 358, 377, and 

 399 niM- Component B: maxima at 340, 358, 37G, 

 and 398 m/x (in ethanol). In water, the last three 

 peaks are flattened to form a plateau at 320 to 

 350 mju (4). Ciude substance: Orange-brown or 

 yellow-orange. Weakly acid, unstable. Soluble in 

 water-containing solvents such as pyridine, pico- 

 liiies, and quinoline. Slightly soluble in water, 

 dry pyridine, dry quinoline, phenol, methanol, 

 ethanol, butanol, formamide, ethyl acetate, n-bu- 

 tyl acetate, and amyl acetate. Scarcely soluble or 

 insoluble in petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform, 

 acetone, ether, dioxane, and acetic anhydride. 

 Soluble in, l>ut inactivated by H3PO4 , dipropyl 

 hydrogen phosphate, and aromatic sulfonic acids 

 (1, 5). Gives precipitates with Ag+, Ba++, Fe+++, 

 and aqueous, but not methaiiolic brucine. Intense 

 unstable l)lue color in 35 per cent H3PO4 reversed 

 liy dilution with water or methanol. Gives a green 

 color with HCl (5). Negative Molisch, Tollen, 

 Ehrlich, FeCls , ninhydrin, Benedict, and Saka- 

 guchi tests. Crude material has ultraviolet ab- 

 sorption sjiectrum maxima at 234, 240 (infl.), 288, 

 and 32() ni/n (infl.), in addition to those given above 

 (1). Infrared data given in reference 1 and spec- 

 trum in reference 5. 



Biological activity: Active on yeasts and certain 

 filamentous fungi (e.g., P. spinulosum but not 

 P. patulum or P. chrysogenum; and A. niger but 

 not other aspergilli tested) (1). Active on the 

 yeast phase of Histoplasuia capsulalum . but not 



