224 



DESCRIPTIONS OF ANTIBIOTICS 



formamide, chloroform, methyl Cellosolve, pyri- 

 dine, glacial acetic acid, ethylene glycol mono- 

 methyl ether, 2 N HCl, warm butanol, warm di- 

 oxane, and hot amyl alcohol. Soluble to <2 mg 

 per ml in the following hot solvents: acetone, 

 benzene, amyl acetate, ethj-l acetate, dimethy- 

 oxyethane, and glycol; and in cold 0.1 N HCl. 

 Insoluble in water, ethanol, acetone, benzene, 

 ethyl acetate, and dimethoxyethane (1, 2). Ultra- 

 violet absorption spectrum maximum at 310 ni/u 

 (£JJL 125) (in 6 N H0SO4) with strong end-ab- 

 sorption below 250 m/^ (1) . Infrared spectrum given 

 in reference 2. Paper chromatographic behavior in 

 a variety of systems given in reference 2. [a]p = 

 — 68.5 to —69.5° (in chloroform). Stable to boiling 

 in aqueous solution for 1 minute. C = 51.9S^i; H = 

 5.59%; N = 16.6%; S = 9.5%. No halogen or P. 

 Molecular weight 1600 to 1750. Acid or BaOH hy- 

 drolysis products include cystine or cysteine, 

 threonine, a -alanine, glycine, and isoleucine. 

 Other unidentified ninhydrin-positive substances 

 are also present (1, 2). 



Biological activity: Very active (0.002 to 0.5 ^g 

 per ml) on gram-positive bacteria and mycobac- 

 teria. Not active at 10 Mg per ml on gram-negative 

 bacteria. Inhibits C. albicans at 6.25 ng per ml. 

 Active in vivo (mice) on D. pneumoniae, Strepto- 

 coccus hemolyticus, and S. pyogenes, when given 

 intraperitoneally, intramuscularly, or orally (1, 

 2). No cross-resistance with many commonly used 

 antibiotics (3). 



Toxicity: Mice tolerate 1 gm per kg intramuscu- 

 larly, and 2 gm per kg intraperitoneally (2). LD50 

 (mice) >1 gm per kg orally (1). Material injected 

 intramuscularly is absorbed very slowly (1). 



References: 



1. Cron, M. J. et al. Antibiotics & Chemo- 



therapy 6: 63-67, 1956. 



2. British Patent 790,521, February 12, 1958. 



3. Jones, W. F., Jr. and Finland, M. Anti- 



biotics & Chemotherapy 8: 387-391, 1958. 



Bulging Factor 



Produced by: Strepfoniyces sp. (2). 



Method of extraction: Broth-filtrate treated with 

 charcoal at pH 1.5 and filtered. Filtrate adjusted 

 to pH 7.0, filtered, and retreated with charcoal. 

 Charcoal eluted with 0.1 N HCl in methanol or 

 75 per cent acetone in water. Precipitated from 

 methanolic eluate with ether. Acetone-eluate neu- 

 tralized with IRA-400 (0H~) and concentrated in 

 vacuo. Factor precipitated as reineckate (2). 



Chemical and physical properties: Basic sub- 

 stance. Water-soluble. Insoluble in organic sol- 

 vents. Stable at acid but not alkaline pH (2). 



Biological activity: Active on certain fungi, caus- 

 ing a pronounced bidging of the hyphal wall at 

 intervals alternating with normal hyphal growth. 

 Active only on fungi having chitinous cell walls 

 (fungi imperfecti, basidiomycetes, ascomycetes, 

 and zygomycetes), not those with cellulosic cell 

 walls (oomycetes). Believed to act specifically on 

 the chitin. Also active on the conidia of certain 

 fungi, such as those of Ophiostoma paradoxum, 

 which swell to 10,000 times their normal size. Not 

 active on the bacteria or viruses tested (1, 2). 



References: 



1. Rombouts, J. E. Proc. 6th Intern. Congr. 



Microbiol. 5: 205-207, 1953. 



2. Links, J. et al. J. Gen. Microbiol. 17: 596- 



601, 1957. 



Cabicidin 



Produced by: Streptomyces gougeroti (1). 



Method of extraction: No data, but probably sim- 

 ilar to other pentaene antibiotics. 



Chemical and physical properties: Pentaene. 

 Colorless or light yellow columns; m.p. 225°C. 

 Soluble in methanol, propanol, butanol, acetone, 

 pyridine, ethylene glycol, proplylene glycol, and 

 glycerol. Slightly soluble in ethyl acetate and 

 methyl Cellosolve. Insoluble in diethyl ether, 

 petroleum ether, benzene, and water. Ultraviolet 

 absorption spectrum maxima at 320, 339, and 354 

 m/x (1 per cent methanolic solution). [a]l'^ = —135° 

 (methanol). Rotation changes to —87° on ex- 

 posure to ultraviolet light (1). 



Biological activity: Active on yeasts and fungi 



(1). 



Reference: 1. Ogata, K. et al. Japanese Patent 

 9245, October 17, 1958. 



Cacaoniycetiii 



Produced by: Streptomyces sp. reseml)ling S. 

 cacaoi. 



Method of extraction: Broth-filtrate extracted 

 with chloroform at pH 5.0. Chromatographed on 

 alumina and eluted with 95 per cent ethanol. Ex- 

 tract evaporated to dryness in vacuo. Residue ex- 

 tracted with acetone. Extract evaporated to dry- 

 ness . 



Chemical and physical properties: Crude yellow 

 syrup. Slightly soluble in water. Soluble in many 

 organic solvents. Contains four components. Very 

 unstable at alkaline pH. 



Biological activity: Active on filamentous fungi, 

 particularly ascomycetes, but not on yeasts. Very 

 slightly active on gram-positive bacteria and 

 Mycobacterium avium. 



