DESCRIPTIONS OF ANTIBIOTICS 



225 



Toxicity: MLD (mice) aboiil 300 m^ i)er kg sub- 

 cutaneously. 



Reference: 1. Wakaki, S. (t al. J. Antibiotics 

 (Japan) 5:24-49,1952. 



Caeriil«>ni> <-iii 



Produced by: Streptomyces caendeus. 



Method of extraction: Active filtrate extracted 

 with 34 volume of ether. Solvent evaporated to 

 dryne.ss in vacuo. Crude extract washed with cold 

 petroleum ether, dissolved in ethanol, clarified 

 with charcoal, and crystallized twice from eth- 

 anol. The crude extract can also be sublimed in 

 vacuo at 120°C. Sublimate crystallized from eth- 

 anol. 



Chemical and physical properties: Colorless 

 needles; m.p. 175°C. Soluble in ethyl acetate, ace- 

 tone, ethanol, methanol, chloroform, and ether. 

 Sparingly soluble in benzene, petroleum ether, and 

 water. Insoluble in sodium ])icarbonate and car- 

 bonate solutions. Soluble in dilute sodium hydrox- 

 ide and hydrochloric acid. Alcoholic solutions give 

 a red color with ferric chloride. Deep red color 

 e formed when ferrous salts are added to mineral 

 acid solutions (reaction typical of a ,a'-dip3'ridj'l) . 

 Proposed empirical formula Ci2Hii02N3 , on the 

 basis of the analysis: C = 63.09%; H = 4.99%; 

 N = 18.48%; and molecular weights of 251 (Rast) 

 and 215 (isothermal distillation in acetone). No 

 terminal methyl groups (Kuhn-Roth). No acetyl 

 groups (saponification). One methoxy group pres- 

 ent (Zeisel) and one active hydrogen (Zerewiti- 

 noff). Amphoteric substance. pK^ = 4.38 and 

 pKb = 9.81. Infrared absorption spectrum given 

 in reference 1. Light-absorption ma.ximum at 

 about 235 m/x with shoulders at about 285 and 295 

 m^t. 



Biological activity: Active against yeasts and 

 filamentous fungi at levels of 5 to 10 ng per ml. 

 Active against gram-positive and gram-negative 

 bacteria at levels of 10 to 100 Mg per ml. 



Reference: 1. Funk, A. and Divekar, T. V. Can. 

 J. Microbiol. 5: 317-321, 1959. 



Caniphoniycin 



Produced by: Streptomyces rutgersensis var. caste- 

 larense (2). 



Synonym: Has properties in common with anti- 

 biotic l-81d-ls. 



Method of extraction: Agar culture extracted 

 with ether at room temperature. Extract evapo- 

 rated at <20°C in vacuo and residue taken up in 

 ether. Process repeated. Residue taken up in ab- 

 solute alcohol. 



Chemical and physical properties: Resinous, 



waxy, white or white-yellow powder. Basic; m.p. 

 20-22°C. (A higher m.p. of 142°C (2) or 149°C (1) 

 first reported was found (2) to be that of a decom- 

 position product.) Soluble in ether, methyl ace- 

 tate, amyl acetate, chloroform, benzene, butanol, 

 ethanol, and methanol, ^'ery slightly soluble in 

 water. Ultraviolet absorption spectrum shows a 

 progressive drop from 210 to 450 m^, with no 

 maxima. Positive Tollen test. Gives a precipitate 

 with Nessler's reagent. Negative Heller, Millon, 

 Fehling, Benedict, a-naphthol, biuret, Adam- 

 kiewicz, nitroprusside, and FeCl.-! tests. On heating 

 in concentrated HCI or H2SO4 , alcoholic solution 

 gives a green color which turns orange, then red- 

 dish. Heating in NaOH gives a red color which 

 clears somewhat on cooling and becomes colorless 

 on oxidation. Reductive properties. Contains C, 

 H, O, and N. Gives off NH.i when boiled in NaOH. 

 Has quinonic properties (1, 2). 



Biological activity: Active mainly on gram-posi- 

 tive bacteria and mycobacteria. Slightly active on 

 certain strains of E. coli. Active at 5 /ig per ml on 

 Helminthosporium sativum and Neurospora crassa, 

 but not other fungi tested. Partially inactivated 

 by thiamin and niacin (2). 



Toxicity: Mice tolerate 550 mg per kg, orally or 

 intravenously (1). Toxic to corn, oats, barley, 

 wheat, alfalfa, cabbage, tomato, carrots, and 

 willow twigs at 100 to 1000 ppm. Stimulates ger- 

 mination at 1 to 10 ppm (2). 



References: 



1. Cercos, A. P. Rev. arg. agron. 20: 53-02, 



1953. 



2. Cercos, A. P. Rev. invest, agr. (Buenos 



Aires) 8: 263-283, 1954. 



Candicidin 



Produced by: Streptomyces griseus (1). 



Remarks: Similar to trichomycin and ascosin. 



Method of extraction: I. Culture (including 

 mycelium) adjusted to pH 2.5, stirred with Hyflo 

 Super-Cel, and filtered. Eluted from solids with 

 n-butanol. Extract treated with NaHCO.3 to re- 

 move pigmented impurities, then concentrated to 

 drj'ness in vacuo. Residue treated with petroleum 

 ether, taken up in water, then freeze dried. Puri- 

 fied by (a) treating with acetone to give Fraction 

 C, then extracting with 95 per cent ethanol to 

 yield Fractions A and B; (b) chromatography on a 

 cellulose powder column from a chloroform sus- 

 pension, elution with 95 per cent ethanol followed 

 by an ethylene glycol monomethyl ether-ethanol 

 mixture (1:1) to give Fractions A, B, and C; or 

 (c) partition (methanol-petroleum ether-chloro- 

 form-water, 3:1:3:2) in absence of O2 at pH 4.0. 



