DESCRIPTIONS OF ANTIBIOTICS 



245 



127. Al)l)ey, A. et al. Antibiotics Ann. 831- 



838, 195G-1957. 



128. Shirk, R. J. et al. Antibiotics Ann. 843- 



848, 1956-1957. 



129. Nitta, K. Japan. J. Med. Sci. & Biol. 



10: 277-286, 1957. 



130. Roth, F. J., Jr. and Murphy, W. H., Jr. 



Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med. 94: 530- 

 532, 1957. 



131. British Patent 775,916, May 29, 1957. 



132. British Patent 781,881, August 28, 1957. 



133. Becker, R. F. et al. Antibiotics Ann. 



229-235, 1957-1958. 



134. Gentry, R. F. Avian Diseases 2: 70-82, 



1958. 



135. Hezebicks, M. M. and Xigg, C. Antibi- 



otics & Chemotherapy 8: 543-560, 1958. 



136. Ark, P. A. and Thompson, J. P. Plant 



Disease Reptr. 42: 1203-1205, 1958. 



137. Fox, S. M. et al. U. S. Patent 2,875,247, 



February 24, 1959. 



138. Kotchetkova, G. V. and Popoba, O. L. 



Antibiotiki 1(4): 37-40, 1956. 



CI 



iroiiiiii 



Frotluced by: Slieplumi/ces sp. reseml)ling S. anli- 

 bioticiis (1 ). 



Method of e.vt faction: Broth-filtrate extracted 

 with liutanol or amyl alcohol at pH 6 to 7. Taken 

 up in methanol, and fractionally precipitated with 

 ether (2, 3). 



Chemical and physical properties: Tetraene. Fine 

 white needles. Colors at 145-150°C, but does not 

 melt up to 220°C. Crude chromin soluble in meth- 

 anol, water-saturated butanol, chloroform, and 

 alkaline water. Crystalline chromin is not soluble 

 in most organic solvents or water. Soluble in 

 NaOH and acetic acid. Ultraviolet absorption 

 spectrum maxima at 281, 292.5, 305, and 320 m/x. 

 Infrared spectrum given in reference 3. Positive 

 Fehling test (on heating). Negative ninhydrin, 

 biuret, Molisch, Millon, FeCht , and Sakaguchi 

 tests. Questionably positive Tollen test. Most 

 stable at neutrality. C = 58.19^c; H = 7.81%; 

 N = 2.29%. No S or halogen (2, 3). Some informa- 

 tion on hydrolysis products given in reference 3. 



Biological activity: Active on fungi and yeasts 

 at 0.16 to 2.5 Mg per ml. Not active on bacteria. 

 Activity reduced by human serum (2, 3). 



Toxicity: LDjo (mice) 36 mg per kg intraperi- 

 toneally (3). 



References: 



1. Wakaki, S. et al. J. Antibiotics (Japan) 4: 

 357-362, 1951. 



2. Wakaki, S. el al. J. Antibiotics (Japan) 5: 



677-681, 1952. 



3. Wakaki, S. ct al. J. Antibiotics (Japan) 



()B: 247-250, 1953. 



4. Katagiri, K. et al. Shionogi Kenkyusho 



Nempo 7: 715-723, 1957. 



Chroinoin veins 



Produced by: Streptoinyces griseus. 



Method of extraction: Separated and inirified l)y 

 chromatography and fractional precipitation. 



Chemical and physical properties: Complex con- 

 taining five components, Ai to A5 . Previously re- 

 ported substances B and C were found to be 

 formed by transformati'on of A under various con- 

 ditions and with various agents. .43.' Bright yellow- 

 powder; m.p. 183°C (decomposition). Reputed to 

 have ultraviolet and infrared absorption spectra 

 differing from other antibiotics, [a]'," = —26° (c 

 = 1 per cent in ethanol). 



Biological activity: As: Active on Staph, aureus 

 and B. subtilis at 0.10 and 0.05 jug per ml (2), re- 

 spectively and on other gram-positive bacteria. 

 Slightly active on mycobacteria. Active on vac- 

 cinia virus; slightly active on influenza virus (1). 

 Active in rats or mice on Yoshida sarcoma, Ehrlich 

 carcinoma, hepatoma AH 130, hepatoma MH 134, 

 sarcoma 180 (all ascites type), and leukemia SN 36. 

 Not active on nitromin-resistant AH 7974 (2). 



Toxicity: A3: LD.50 (mice) 2.12 mg per kg intra- 

 peritoneally. Rats, hamsters, rabbits, cats, and 

 dogs die on administration of 0.25 to 1.0 mg per 

 kg, but tolerate 0.1 to 0.2 mg per kg. Mice tolerate 

 400 mg per kg orally (2). Toxic to chicken embryo 

 fibroblasts in vitro (1). 



Utilization: Favorable effect in some human l)e- 

 ings with neoplastic disease (3). 



References: 



1. Aramaki, Y. et al. Repts. Takeda Research 



Lab. 14: 60-91, 1955. 



2. Tatsuoka, S. et al. Proc. Japan. Cancer 



As.soc, 17th Meeting 23-24, 1958. 



3. Okuniura, A. Proc. Japan. Cancer Assoc, 



17th Meeting 25-26, 1958. 



Clii 



•y.sonivcin 



Produced by: Streptomyces sp. 



Synonym: Authors (1) state that the ultraviolet 

 spectnun shows similarities to aureolic acid. 



Method of extraction: Extraction from filtrate 

 with organic solvents at acid or alkaline reaction. 

 Dried mycelium treated with Skellysolve C to 

 remove inactive pigments, then exhaustively ex- 

 tracted with l)()iliug ethvl acetate. Green-l^rown 



