DESCRIPTIONS OF ANTIBIOTICS 



247 



lose column. Eluted with nK'tluuiol (2, '.]). C!;tn 

 also he extracted from broth with ether or chloro- 

 form (1). 



Chemical and physical properties: Dark red sub- 

 stance. Sohible in alcohol.s, acetic esters, acetone, 

 benzene, and chloroform. Insoluble in petroleum 

 ether and water. No specific ultraviolet absorption 

 spectrum. Contains no halogen (1-3). 



Biulugical activity: Active at 0.0039 to 3.0 /ng per 

 ml against gram-positive and gram-negative bac- 

 teria, including m^ycobacteria, Pseudonionas, and 

 Proteus. Not active on fungi (1, 2). 



Toxicity: LD50 (mice) 724.5 mg per kg intrave- 

 nously (1, 2). 



References: 



1. Nakazawa, K. ef al. J. Antibiotics (Japan) 



9B: 81, 1956. 



2. Nakazawa, K. et al. Ann. Rejjts. 4'aketla 



Research Lab. 16: 111-115, 1957. 



3. Japanese Patent 3241, April 30, 1959. 



Coelicolorin 



Produced by: Streptomyces coelicolor. 



Method of extraction: Extraction of solid cul- 

 tures with acetone at acid pH. Precipitation of 

 active substance from acetone solution with water; 

 extraction with benzene. Further purification by 

 chromatography on alumina. 



(^heuiical and physical properties: Indicator; red 

 up to pH 5, violet at pH 6 to 7, and t)lue higher 

 than pH 8. Soluble in water at alkaline reaction. 

 Very solul)le in acetone, ethyl acetate, and chloro- 

 form. Soluble in alcohol, methanol, benzene, and 

 ether. Insoluble in petroleum ether, m.p. 142- 

 14(5°C. 



Biological activity: Active mainly against gram- 

 positive bacteria. 



Toxicity: LDso (mice) about 500 mg per kg in- 

 traperitoneally. 



Reference: 1. Hatsuta, V. J. Antibiotics (Ja- 

 pan) 2: 276-277, 1949. 



Coerulonij ciii 



Produced by: Streptomyces coerulescens. 



Synonym: Similar to chartreusin. 



Method of extraction: I. Precipitation from cul- 

 ture-filtrate at pH 2.5 to 3.0. Precipitate extracted 

 with acetone; extract concentrated. A brown 

 precipitate forms. Precipitate extracted with al- 

 cohol. Crystallization from alcohol yields crude 

 crystals contaminated with pigments; the pig- 

 ments are removed by chromatography of alco- 

 holic solution on aluminum oxide. The \'oll()w 

 acetonic eluate is concentrated and the antibiotic 

 crystallized from the alcohol. II. Extraction of 



the culture mcdiuin with l)utanol, chloroform, or 

 ethyl acetate at neutrality, followed l)y further 

 purification as in previous method. 



Chemical and physical properties: Crystals in 

 form of platelets. Darken and decompose at 181- 

 183°C. Molecular weight (Rast) 660. Moderately 

 soluble in chloroform, less soluble in acetone and 

 alcohol, and poorly soluble in water. At an alkaline 

 reaction, 20 mg will dissolve in 1 ml of water. No 

 N or S. Light-al)sorption maxima at 240, 270, 340, 

 380, 400, and 430 mfx. 



Biological activity: Active against gram-positive 

 bacteria and phages (especially actinophages). 

 Active against infivienza virus. 



Toxicity: In mice, 200 mg per kg are tolerated 

 subcutaneously, and 300 mg per kg orally. 



Reference: 1. Brajnikova, M. G. ef al. Anti- 

 biotiki 2(6): 16-20, 1957. 



CoUiiioinycin 



Produced by: Streptomyces collinus. This organ- 

 ism also produces rubromycin (1 ) . 



Method of extraction: See rubromycin. 



Chemical anil physical properties: Amphoteric 

 substance. Orange prisms; m.p. 280-282°C. Mod- 

 erately soluble in chloroform, acetone, and diox- 

 ane; slightly soluble in ether and lower alcohols; 

 practically insoluble in i)etroleum ether, water, 

 and sodium bicarbonate. Na salt: Violet substance. 

 Red-violet in 2 A' NaOH. Ultraviolet absorption 

 maxima at 535 and 575 mn. Carmine-red in con- 

 centrated H2S()4 , with maxima at 480 and 525 mn. 

 A pyridine-methanol solution treated with tita- 

 nium trichloride turns olive-green, then red. A 

 yellow-red dioxane solution becomes pale yellow 

 on treatment with sodium hyposulfite. This color 

 reaction is reversed by standing in the air. Con- 

 tains no nitrogen. C = 59.41%; H = 4.01%; O = 

 34.83%,; O— CH:, = 16.2%,. Acetate: Yellow nee- 

 dles; m.p. 228-230°C. Benzoate: Lemon-yellow nee- 

 dles; m.p. 226°C. Prolonged heating in H2SO4- 

 containing acetone yields a decomposition 

 product: orange needles, m.p. 273-275°C, with 

 ultraviolet absorption maxima at 515 and 529 ni/x 

 (ether). Gives a red-violet color in NaHCO.-i (2). 



Biological activity: Active on Staph, aureus (2). 



References: 



1. Lindenbein, W. Arch. Alikrobiol. 1": 361- 



383, 1952. 



2. Brockmanii, H. and Renneberg, K. H. Na- 



turwis.senschaften 40: 166-167, 1953. 



Cryplocidin 



Produced by: Streptomyces sp. 



Method of extraction: Mycelium extracted with 



