296 



DESCRIPTIONS OF ANTIBIOTICS 



Toxiriti/: Too toxic for clinical use. Hemolytic 

 (1). 



Reference: 1. Men'shikov, G. P. and Rul)instein, 

 M. AI. Zhur. Olxshcliei Khini. 26: 2035-2039, 

 1956. 



Lui'idin 



Produced bi/: Streptoniyces linidiis (1). 



Method of extraction: Adsorption on charcoal at 

 pH 6.0 to 6.5. Elution with a([ueou.s methanol at 

 pH 2.0 to 2.5. Precipitation with acetone. Further 

 purification bj' formation of picrate, which is 

 transformed into a hydrochloride (2). 



Chemical and physical properties: Basic sub- 

 stance. Negative maltol and ninhydrin tests. 

 Positive Pauly and l)iuret tests. Faint Molisch 

 reaction (2). 



Biological activity: Same general activity as 

 antibiotics of the streptothricin group. Active 

 against the virus of silkworm jaundice (2). Cul- 

 ture filtrates active in ovo against influenza A 

 virus (1). 



Toxicity: Toxicity in animals is of the strep- 

 tothricin type (2). 



References: 



1. Krassilnikov, N. A. ct ol. Mikrobiologiya 



26: 558, 1957. 



2. Trakhtenberg, D. M. et al. Antil)iotiki 



4(2): 9-13, 1959. 



Lustericiii 



Produced by: Streptomyces sp. 



Method of extraction: Broth extracted with 

 ethyl acetate; mycelium with methanol. Extracts 

 concentrated in vacuo at low temperature. Ace- 

 tone is added to the residues, and the whole 

 filtered. Acetone removed from the filtrate by 

 vacuum distillation, and the residue extracted 

 with ethyl acetate. Chromatographed on Magne- 

 sol-I)icalite with acetone as solvent and devel- 

 oper. Active fractions concentrated /// vacuo and 

 crystallized from ethanol. Recrystallized from 

 hot ethanol. 



Chemical and physical properties: Thin colorless 

 needles; m.p. 130°C. Soluble in methanol, ethanol, 

 acetone, ethjd acetate, and chloroform. Sparingly 

 soluble in petroleum ether. Insohible in water. 

 End-absorption in ultraviolet light. Infrared 

 spectrum given in reference 1. Optically inactive 

 in methanol. C40H64O13 : C = 63.87%; H = 8.71%. 

 Molecular weight, 780 ± 60. 



Biological activity: Active on gram p(jsitive bac- 

 teria at 2 to 5 /.tg per ml and on mycobacteria at 

 20 to 50 ixg per ml. Active on C. albicans and P. 



notatuui at 5 /ig i)er ml and Sacch. cerevisiae and 

 .1. niger at 50 ng per ml. 



Toxicity: LDjo (mice) 125 to 150 mg per kg intra- 

 peritoneally. 



Reference: 1. Shibata, M. et al. Ann. Rept. 

 Takeda Research Lai). 17: 19-22, 1958. 



Liileomycin 



Produced by: Streptomyces tanashiensis (resem- 

 bling S. aureus) (1, 6, 9); Streptomyces sp. (re- 

 sembling iS. tanashiensis) (3, 14); iS. flaveolus 

 (16); Streptomyces sp. (4,5). 



Synonyms: Antibiotic H 2053 (12). Probably: 

 Special substance 3 (K 349) (3) and substance 1 

 (14). 



Method of extraction: Broth-filtrate extracted 

 with ethyl or butyl acetate, chloroform, or ether 

 at pH 7.5 to 8.0. Back-extracted into water at 

 pH <3.0. Chromatographed on alumina from a 

 water-insoluble solvent and developed with a 

 water-soluble solvent. Crystallization occurs as 

 the active fractions are dehydrated (6), or bj- 

 addition of ether to an acetone solution (2). 



Chemical and physical properties: Basic sub- 

 stance. Free base: Very soluble in benzene. Soluble 

 in water and common organic solvents. Ultra- 

 violet absorption spectrum maxima at 280 and 

 420 to 440 niM (0.1 A' HCl) or 270 to 280 and 500 

 ni/i (0.1 X NaOH) (6). Hydrochloride: Orange- 

 yellow rhomboid or needle crystals; m.p. 199- 

 200°C (decomposition). Very soluble in methanol, 

 acetone, benzyl alcohol, and methyl acetate. Less 

 solul)le in water and ethanol. Insoluble in ben- 

 zene, ether, butanol, l>utyl acetate, chloroform, 

 and petroleum ether. Ultraviolet absorption spec- 

 trum maxima at 270 to 290 m/j. and 420 to 430 n^/x 

 (0.1 V HCl) or at 270 to 280 m^ and >500 m/i (0.1 

 X NaOH). Negative xanthoproteic, biuret, ninhy- 

 drin, Molisch, Fehling, and Sakaguchi tests. Red- 

 brown color with FeCl:; . Decolorized by HjOi 

 in presence of NasCO.i . Orange-yellow at acid 

 pH, brownish yellow at neutrality, purple-red at 

 pH 7.8, and purple at pH >7.8. Rf = 0.70 by paper 

 chromatography (3 per cent aqueous NH4OH). 

 C = 54.29%; H = 6.09%; N = 2.95%; CI = 7.37%; 

 O = 29.3%. C2.iH29N09-HCl. Reineckate: Orange 

 needles; m.p. 200-205°C (decomposition) (1, 2, 4, 

 6, 10). 



Biological activity: Active on gram-positive 

 bacteria and mycobacteria. Less active on gram- 

 negative bacteria, except for Hemophilus. Very 

 slightly active on fungi (2, 16). Activity reversed 

 by serum (1). Active in mice on Pneumococcus, 

 Brucella melitensis, Hemophilus pertussis, and 

 Leptospira autumnalis infections (4, 8). Transient 



