30() 



DESCRIPTIONS OF ANTIBIOTICS 



Ctilization: Active again.st (\ albicans and T. 

 vaginalis when applied toi)ically in tlio vagina. 

 References: 



1. Sakamoto, J. M. J. J. Antil)i()tics (Japan) 



12 A: 169-172, 1959. 



2. Ogawa, H. et al. J. .\ntil)iot ics (Japan) 



13A: 353-355, 1960. 



Mold in 



Fnxluccd by: Streptoini/ccs phacochroniogenes 

 (1,2). 



Method of extraction: Broth e.xtracted with ethyl 

 -acetate. Extract concentrated in vacuo. Syrup 

 washed with petroleum ether, water, and hot 

 water, and then dried. Residue dissolved in etha- 

 nol and jjrecipitated on addition of distilled water. 

 Antibiotic is also present in mycelium (1), which 

 can be extracted with ethanol (2). 



Chemical and physical properties: Soluble in 

 ethanol and ethyl acetate. Slightly soluble in 

 petroleum ether, ether, and benzene. Almost in- 

 soluble in water. Positive Molisch and FeCls tests. 

 Negative biuret, Millon, ninhydrin, Tollen, Feh- 

 ling, and Sakaguchi tests (1, 2). Ultraviolet ab- 

 sorption spectrum maximum at 320 ni/u. 



Biological activity: Active on yeasts (1). 



Toxicity: MLD is 10 mg per kg intraperitoneally 



(l). 

 References: 



1. Maeda, K. et al. J. Antibiotics (Japan) 5: 



465, 1952. 



2. Maeda, K. et al. Japan. J. Med. Sci. & 



Biol. 5: 327-339, 1952. 



Monaniyciii 



Produced by: Streptomyces jatnaicensis. 



Method of extraction: Extraction of culture-fil- 

 trate or mycelium with ether or butanol. Evapora- 

 tion of solvent. Countercurrent distribution using 

 ethyl acetate-cyclohexane-methanol-water (12:10: 

 10:7) followed by countercurrent distribution 

 using light petroleum (b.p. 60-80°C) -methanol - 

 water (10:10:1). Chromatography on Amberlite 

 C. G. 4J. Crystallization from light petroleum. 



Chemical and physical properties: Needles; m.p. 

 126 °C. Ba.se, giving a crystalline monohydrochlo- 

 ride; m.p. 187°C. [aln = -62° ± 5° (c = 0.9 per 

 cent in ethanol). Tentative empirical formula: 

 C22H.,6-.38N405 . Oue N-methyl and three C-methyl 

 groups. End-absorption of ultraviolet light. In- 

 frared spectrvnii shows no evidence of aromatic 

 structure but suggests the presence of an amide 

 linkage. No reaction with sodium metaperiodate 

 or with hydrogen in presence of ])latinum catalyst. 

 Stable al)ove pH 7.0. 



Biological activity: Active against gram-positive 



l)acteria. Not active against gram-negative bac- 

 teria. No cross-resistance with penicillin, chlor- 

 tetracycline, chloramphenicol, or sulfamethazine, 

 using Staph, aureus. Not inactivated by human 

 serum. 



Toxicity: 850 mg per kg subcutaneously pro- 

 duces no vmfavorable effect in mice. 



Reference: 1. Hassall, C. H. and Magnus, K. E. 

 Nature, London 181: 1223-1224, 1959. 



.Monilin 



Produced by: Streptomyces sp. (1), and S. sakai- 

 ensis (2). 



Synonym: Similar to toyocamycin. 



Method of extraction: Broth-filtrate extracted 

 with n-butanol or amyl alcohol at pH 11. Extract 

 washed with water and concentrated in vacuo until 

 a precipitate forms. Can also be adsorbed on char- 

 coal from broth and eluted with 90 per cent ace- 

 tone. Removal of the solvent by vacuum distilla- 

 tion gives an aqueous residue, which is treated as 

 above with butanol. Recrystallized from hot wa- 

 ter, ethanol, and methanol. Purified by counter- 

 current distribution or chromatography (1, 2). 



Chemical and physical properties: Basic sub- 

 stance. White needles; m.p. 235-238°C (decomposi- 

 tion). Soluble in methanol, ethanol, butanol, and 

 acetone. Sparingly soluble in water. Insoluble in 

 ethyl acetate, toluene, butyl acetate, l)enzene, 

 petroleum ether, and ether. Ultraviolet absorption 

 spectrum maxima at 230 and 280 m;u in water. In- 

 frared spectrum given in reference 2. Positive 

 ninhydrin and Sakaguchi tests. CisHaoNeO.-j . 

 Molecular weight, 190 ± 10. C = 46.93%; H = 

 5.34%; N = 21.80%. 



Biological activity: Active on C. albicans, C. 

 tropicalis, and C. parakrusei. Slighth' active on 

 Sacch. sake. Not active on ('. krusei or C. pseudo- 

 tropicalis. Not active on bacteria (1). 



Toxicity: LDsa (mice) 3.94 mg per kg intraperi- 

 toneally (1, 2). 



References: 



1. Fujii, S. et al. Ann. Rept. Takeda Research 



Lab. 14:8-10,1955. 



2. Fujii, S. et al. Japanese Patent 5,899, August 



3, 1957. 



3Iusariii 



Produced by: Actinomyces (Streptomyces) sp. (1) 

 having red mycelium. A variant of this culture 

 produces monamycin (4). 



Method of crtraction: I. Broth extracted with 

 n-butanol at pH 7.0. f]xtract concentrated in 

 vacuo. Addition of ether to concentrate precipi- 

 tates the antibiotic. II. Addition of (NH4)2S04 

 to broth; precipitate extracted with cokl metha- 



