DKSC^UPTIOXS OF ANTIBIOTIC'S 



317 



acet ainidiiio - 1 - methyl - 2 - pyrrolecarl^oxamido) -1 - 

 methyI-2-pyrrolecarboxamido]propionamide. 



Biological activity: Active on gram -positive and 

 gram-negative bacteria, but not on Ps. aeruginosa. 

 Very slightly active on C. albifons (90 /ug i)er ml) 

 (2), P. chrysogennm, and Piriciilaria ori/zae (7). 

 Active on Trichomonas vaginalis and T. foetus in 

 vitro at 12 ug per ml (2, 5). Active on ChloreUa 

 pyrenoidosa at 10 ^g per ml (14). Has antiphage 

 activity (9j. Active on clothes moth larvae and 

 the black carpet beetle (1, 2). Xo cross-resistance 

 with chloramphenicol, streptomycin, or strepto- 

 thricin (2). Active in mice on vaccinial infections 

 (4). Conflicting reports on anti-influenza activity 

 (4, 12). No activity in vivo on feline pneumonitis, 

 western eciuine encephalomyelitis, or poliomyelitis 

 (4). Moderate inhibition of Mecca lymphosarcoma 

 (mice) and slight inhibition of carcinoma 1025 

 (mice) and Walker carcinosarcoma 256 (rats) (8). 

 Not active on l{!lirlich ascites carcinoma (12). 



Toxicity: lA);,,, (mice) 17 mg per kg intrave- 

 nously, 70 mg per kg subcutaneously, and >3()0 

 mg jjer kg orally (1). 



References: 



1. Finlay, A. C. e< «/. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 73: 



341-343, 1951. 



2. Finlay, A. C. and Sotnn, B. A. U. S. Patent 



2,586,782, 1952. 



3. Desi)ois, R. and Ninet, L. Riass. commun. 



6th Congr. Intern. Microbiol. I: 162- 

 163, 241-242, 1953. 



4. Schabel, F. M., Jr. ct al . Proc. Soc. E.xptl. 



Biol. Med. 83: 1-3, 1953. 



5. Seneca, H. and Ides, D. Am. J. Trop. 



Med. Hyg. 2: 1045-1049, 1953. 



6. Pinnert-Sindico, S. Ann. iiist. Pasteur 



87: 702-707, 1954. 



7. Isono, K. c( al. J. Antibiotics (Japan) 



8A: 19-21, 1955. 



8. Sugiura, K. Cancer Research 3: (suppl.) 



18-27, 1955. 



9. Asheshov, I. N. et al. Cancer Research 



3: (suppl.) 57-62, 1955. 



10. van Tamelen, E. E. et al. J. Am. Cliem. 



Soc. 78:2157-2159,1956. 



11. Julia, M. and Joseph, N. Compt. rend. 



243:961-964, 1956. 



12. Watanabe, K. J. Antil)iotics (Japan) 9A: 



102-107, 1956. 



13. Waller, C. W. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 



79: 1265-1266, 1957. 



14. Tomisek, A. et al. Plant Physiol. 32: 



7-10, 1957. 



15. Thrum, H. Naturwissenschaften 46: 87, 



1959. 



1(). Magyar, K. et al. Abstr. Commun. Sym- 

 posium on Antilnotics, Prague 26-27, 

 1959. 



Niger Factor 



Produced by: Streptoinyces sp. resembling S. 

 alhus. This culture produces si.x other antibiotics, 

 including myxoviromycin, toyocamycin, actino- 

 flocin, lutea factor, and two tetraenic antifungal 

 antibiotics (1, 2). 



Synonyui: Said to l)e related to cvcloheximide 

 (1). 



Method (if (xtractidii : I. Broth extracted with 

 chloroform at acid ])H. Chromatography of ex- 

 tract on a cellulose cohunn. Elution with 20 per 

 cent NH4CI. Purified l)y countercurrent distrilni- 

 tion (benzol -pH 7.0 phosphate buffer). Crude 

 powder treated with chloroform and crystallized 

 from amyl acetate on standing (1). II. Adsorbed 

 from broth on IRC-50 (H+ phase) at pH 7.8. Eluted 

 with aciueous 80 per cent acetone. Eluate ex- 

 tracted with chloroform at pH 5. Proceed as in 

 Step I (2). 



Cheuiicdl and physical properties: Colorless crys- 

 tals. Ultraviolet absorption maximum at 258 m^. 

 Stable over a wide range of pH values (1 ). 



Biological activity: Active on certain fungi and 

 yeasts, such as Willia anoiitala, Sacch. sake, and 

 .4 . niger. Not active on ('. albicans or Trichophyton 

 interdigitale (1). Antiviral activity against influ- 

 enza A. 



Toxicity: LDm (mice) 160 mg per kg intrave- 

 nousl.y (1). 



References: 



1. Sato, K. and Katagiri, K. Chemotherapy 



5: 182-183, 1957. 



2. Katagiri, K. et al. Shionogi Kenkyusho 



Nemjjo 7: 715-723, 1957. 



Nigericiii 



Produced by: Streptoniyces violaceoniger strains 

 and related Streptornyces spp. (1, 2). 



Method of extraction: Precipitated from l)roth b}' 

 acidification to pH 2 to 3. Precipitate dissolved in 

 base. Crystallization as Na salt bj^ warming this 

 solution at pH 8.5 or above. Recrystallized from 

 hot metlianol on addition of water. Can also be 

 extracted from broth by n-butanol, Itutyl acetate, 

 or ethyl ether, or atlsorl)ed on charcoal and eluted 

 with methanol (1 ). 



Chemical and physical properties: Acidic sub- 

 stance (CssHeaOii)- -Vfl salt: Colorless needles; 

 m.p. 246-254°C. Free acid and Na salt are slightly 

 soluble in water and soluble in lower alcohols. 



