334 



DESCRIPTIONS OF ANTIBIOTICS 



97. Couch, H. B. and Cole, H., Jr. Plant Dis- 



ease Reptr. 41: 205-208, 1957. 



98. Ark, P. A. and Thompson, J. B. Plant 



Disease Reptr. 41: 452-454, 1957. 



99. Nitta, K. Japan. J. Med. Sci. & Biol. 



10: 277-286, 1957. 



100. Briti-sh Patent 785,304, October 23, 1957. 



101. Tomi.sek, A. e/o/. Plant Physiol. 32:7-10, 



1957. 



102. Maruyama, Y. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 45: 



177-184, 1958. 



103. Deep, I. W. Plant Disease Reptr. 42: 



476-480, 1958. 



104. Ark, P. A. and Thompson, J. P. Plant 



Disease Reptr. 42: 1203-1205, 1958. 



105. Gentry, R. F. Avian Diseases 2: 76-82, 



1958. 



106. Litchfield, H. R. et al. Antibiotics .\nn. 



102-106, 1957-1958. 



107. Lawrence, J. C. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 14: 



168-173, 1959. 



Paronioniycin 



Produced by: Streptoitiyces riDiosus f. paroino- 

 myeinus (1). 



Synonyms: Humatin, humycin, antibiotic C 

 1488. Similar to catenulin. 



Method of extraction: Culture-broth adjusted to 

 pH 2.0 and filtered. Filtrate chromatographed on 

 IRC-50 and eluted with 0.5 A' HCl. Active frac- 

 tions neutralized to pH 6.0, filtered, then concen- 

 trated in vacuo. Adsorbed on Darco G-60-diato- 

 maceous earth mixture (65:50 by weight) and 

 eluted with water, 1 per cent aqueous acetone, and 

 10 per cent aqueous acetone. Eluates concentrated 

 and lyophilized. Reprecipitated from methanol 

 with acetone. 



Chemical and physical properties: Basic, amor- 

 phous, white substance. Very soluble in water; 

 moderately soluble in methanol, sparingly soluble 

 in absolute ethanol. [ajf = +64° (c = 1 per cent in 

 water). Positive ninhydrin and Elson-Morgan 

 tests. Negative maltol and Sakaguchi tests. In- 



CH2OH 



frared spectrum given in reference 1. Stable. C = 

 45.17%; H = 7.44%; N = 10.35%. Hydrochloride: 

 pKa = 6.3 and 8.35. Structure said possibly to 

 resemble neomycin (2). Acid hydrolysis product is 

 a crystalline basic substance which is biologically 

 inactive. C12H25O7N3 . Structure given below (5). 



Biological activity: Active on gram-positive and 

 gram-negative bacteria, including mycobacteria. 

 Not active on D. pneumoniae, Clostridium per- 

 fringens, or Ps. aeruginosa. Active on Endamoeba 

 histolytica (1). Cross-resistance with neomycin and 

 kanamycin (2). Shows essentially the same activ- 

 ity as neomycin and kanamycin in vitro against 

 Staph, aureus and the Enterobacteriaceae (2). 

 Active on amoebic infections in dogs and rats (3). 

 Active on murine leprosy (4). 



To.Ticity: Reputedly nonto.xic in topical applica- 

 tion (1). Nephrotoxic. Limited al^sorption from 

 the intestinal tract (3). 



Utilization: Amoebic dysentery (3). 



References: 



1. British Patent 797,568, July 2, 1958. 



2. Kunin, C. M. et al . Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. 



Med. 99: 312-316, 1958. 



3. Shafei, A. Z. Antibiotic Med. 6: 275-278, 



1959. 



4. Chang, Y. T. Am. Rev. Tuberc. 79: 673- 



676, 1959. 



5. Haskell, T. H. e?o/. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 81: 



3480-3482, 1959. 



Pentaene Antifungal .\ntibiotic I 



Produced by: Streptomyces lavendulae. This cul- 

 ture also produces streptothricin. 



Synonym: Belongs to the eurocidin-like group. 



Method of extraction: Broth adjusted to pH 2.5, 

 stirred with Hyflo Filter-Cel, and filtered. Cake 

 adjusted to pH 8 to 9, then extracted with water- 

 saturated n-butanol. Butanol evaporated to dry- 

 ness in vacuo, then resuspended in tert-lnitanol- 

 water (4:1) for lyophilization. Components 

 separated l)y countercurrent distribution (ethyl 

 acetate-pyridine-water, 6.5:3.5:8.3). 



OH 



OH- 



OH 



CH2NH0 



