336 



DESCRIPTIONS OF ANTIBIOTICS 



methanol and in dimethylformamide, dimethyl 

 sulfoxide, and lower fatty acids. Infrared data 

 given in reference 3. C47H75O14N2 . The molecule 

 contains four C — CHg groups, no carboxylic group, 

 and two free amino groups. One of the amino groups 

 is in a glycosidically linked amino sugar which is 

 different from mycosamine. The other amino group 

 is in p-aminophenylacetone, which is linked to the 

 rest of the molecule through an aldol system (3). 



Biological activity: Active on yeasts and fila- 

 mentous fungi (2, 3). Can Ije differentiated bio- 

 logically from trichomycin, candicidin, candidin, 

 and amphotericin B (3). Active in mice on experi- 

 mental histoplasmosis, sporotrichosis, and monil- 

 iasis (4). 



References: 



1. British Patent 826,792, February 24, 1960. 



2. Oswald, E. J. et al . Antibiotics Ann. 236- 



239, 1955-1956. 



3. BoRowsKi, E. et al. Trans. Conf. antimicro- 



bial agents, Washington 1960. 



4. Campbell, C. C. et al. Antibiotics Ann. 



240-246, 1955-1956. 



Phaeofacin 



Produced by: Strept()))ujces phaeofaciens (1). 



Method of extraction: I. Broth-filtrate extracted 

 with ethyl acetate at pH 7.0. Extract concentrated 

 in vacuo. Syrup dissolved in acetone and cooled to 

 precipitate phaeofacin. II. Broth adjusted to 

 pH 2.0. Precipitate which forms extracted with 

 ethanol or acetone to elute the antibiotic. III. 

 Mycelium extracted with acetone. Extract evap- 

 orated in vacuo and adjusted to pH 2.0 to precipi- 

 tate phaeofacin. 



Chemical and physiccd properties: Crystalline 

 substance deliquescing on drying. Soluble in ethyl 

 acetate, ethanol, acetone, and benzene. Slightly 

 soluble in ether and petroleum ether. Insoluble in 

 water. Positive FeCU test. Negative biuret, indole, 

 Millon, ninhydrin, Molisch, Tollen, and Saka- 

 guchi tests (1,2). 



Biological activity: Active on yeasts and fungi 

 (1). Not active on bacteria (2). 



Toxicity: MLD (mice) 200 mg per kg intraperi- 

 toneally (1). 



References: 



1. Maeda, K. et al. J. Antibiotics (Japan) 



5:465, 1952. 



2. Maeda, K. et al. Japan. J. Med. Sci. & Biol. 



5: 327-339, 1952. 



Phagocidin 



Produced by: Streptoniyces sp. resembling S. 

 antibiotic us (1). 



Method of extraction: Filtered broth extracted 

 with Initanol at pH 5.0. Butanol evaporated in 

 vacuo. Residue taken up in water and treated with 

 ethyl ether to remove another antibiotic similar 

 to actinomycin. Extraction of the resulting 

 aqueous solution with ethjd acetate, followed by 

 evaporation to dryness in vacuo. Purification from 

 a methanol-benzene solution (1:9) by chroma- 

 tography on alumina. Eluted with methanol- 

 benzene (1:9 and 2:8) and finally methanol (1). 



Chemical and physical properties: Yellow-tinged 

 crystals. Acidic substance. Soluble in methanol, 

 ethanol, n-butanol, ethyl and butyl acetates, 

 dichloroethylene, chloroform, acetone, and N 

 NaOH. Slightly soluble in dilute alkaline water. 

 Insoluble in benzene, ethyl ether, petroleum ether, 

 and distilled water. Negative ninhydrin, Fehling, 

 FeCl.'j , Millon, biuret, and Hopkins-Cole tests. 

 Positive Molisch test. Ultraviolet absorption 

 spectrum maxima at 235 (E'lem 1200) and 300 

 liifi (E'lcra 225) in a 1 per cent methanol solution 

 (1). 



Biological activity: No activity on the gram- 

 positive and gram-negative bacteria tested. Active 

 on a variety of phages, including E. coli phages 

 T3 , T.-, , and T7 , and Sal. pullorum, Sal. enteritidis, 

 Scd. paratyphi B, and Shigella flexneri phages. 

 Not active on E. coli Ti . T. , T4 , or Te , Sal. 

 paratyphi A, or Staph, aureus phages. At a given 

 concentration, the per cent survival rate of T3 

 phage is the same regardless of the concentration 

 of phage particles. However, against a given num- 

 ber of phage particles, the per cent survival rate 

 decreases as the concentration of the antibiotic 

 increases (1). Activity on free phage is greater at 

 37°C than at 5°C and is irreversible. Inactive on 

 phage adsorbed on host at 37 °C, but active on 

 phage adsorbed at 5°C. At 5°C, more active on 

 free phage than phage adsorbed on the host (2). 



Toxicity: Mice tolerate 5 mg per kg, f)ut not 20 

 mg per kg intraperitoneally ( 1) . 



Reference: 1. Higo, N. and Hinuma, V. 

 J. Antibiotics (Japan) 9A: 152-163, 1956. 



PJiagolessiii 



Produced by: Streptonryces sp. (1), S. griseus 

 (3). 



Sy)ionyni: Antibiotic A 58. 



Method of extraction: Broth adjusted to pH 3.3, 

 neutral lead acetate added to a 1 per cent con- 

 centration, and broth filtered. Filtrate adjusted to 

 pH 2.0 and phosphotungstic acid added. Precipi- 

 tate which forms extracted with 80 per cent ethanol 

 at pH 3.0 to 3.2. Addition of lead acetate to 

 extract precipitates impurities. Chromatography 



