DESCRIPTIONS OF ANTIBIOTICS 



357 



conjvigate(i tetraene. Sulfate: Fine liair-like nee- 

 dles or large fragile plates containing 7 per cent 

 water of hydration; m.p. 151°C (decomposition). 

 Ultraviolet absorption spectrum maxima at 279, 

 291, 304, and 318 m^ (80 per cent ethanol). Infra- 

 red spectrum given in reference 9. [a]~D = -+-75.2° 

 (c = 1 per cent in methanol. C = 57.65%; H = 

 7.82%; N = 1.81%; S = 2.03%. Forms salts with 

 metals (1, 9). 



Biological activity: Active on filamentous fungi 

 and yeasts, including Trichophyton (1). Active on 

 certain protozoa, including Trypanosoma crnzi 

 (7) and Trichomonas vayinalis (8), and moderately 

 active on Endamoeha histolytica and Leishmania 

 (4). Not active on liacteria (1). No successful 

 activity in rim has been reported. Active by seed 

 treatment on Ascochyta pisi and M i/cosphaerella 

 pinodes infections of peas, Colletotrichnm linde- 

 muthianum infection of beans, Stemphylinm infec- 

 tion of carrots, Alter naria infection of radishes 

 (11), and Pythium debaryanum and Rhizoctonia 

 solani infections of pine and birch (14). Partial 

 control of Verticilliiim infections of potato and 

 tomato, and Rhizoctonia infections of lettuce, 

 potato, and tomato (5). Reduction of fungus rots 

 of potato seed pieces (13). Molluscacide (10). En- 

 hances wheat root growth in water solution (3). 

 Increases chick (16) and hog growth rates when 

 added to the diet (2). Slightly active on RC mam- 

 mary carcinoma in mice (15). 



Toxicity: LDso (mice) 30 mg per kg intrave- 

 nously (1, 4). Toxic to human spermatozoa at 

 0.0125 Mg per ml (6). Nontoxic to carnation cut- 

 tings at 120 ppm (12). 



References: 



1. Davisson, J. W. ct al. Antil)iotics & 



Chemotherapy 1:289-290, 1951. 



2. Luther, H. G. and Brown, J. H. J. Animal 



Sci. 10: 1055, 1951. 



3. Barton, L. V. and MacNab, J. Contrib. 



Boyce Thompson Inst. 17: 419-434, 1953. 



4. Seneca, H. et al. Antibiotics & Chemo- 



therapy 2: 435-437, 1952. 



5. Hilborn, M. T. Phytopathology 43: 475, 



1953. 



6. Seneca, H. and Ides, D. J. Urol. 7(»: 947- 



958, 1953. 



7. Packchanian, A. Am. J. Troj). Med. Hyg. 



2: 243-253, 1953. 



8. Seneca H. and Ides, D. Am. J. Trop. 



Med. Hyg. 2: 1045-1049, 1953. 



9. British Patent 718,021, Novemljer 10, 1954. 



10. Seneca, H. and Bergendahl, E. Antibiotics 



& Chemotherapy 5: 737-741, 1955. 



11. Oort, A. J. P. and Dekker, J. Mededeel. 



Lab. Phytopath. 152: 381-387, 1955. 



12. Gasiorkiewicz, K. C. Plant Disease Reptr. 



40: 421-423, 1956. 



13. Malcolmson, J. F. and Bonde, R. Plant 



Disease Reptr. 40: 708-713, 1956. 



14. Vaartaja, D. Phytopathology 46: 387- 



390, 1956. 



15. Tarnowski, G. S. and Stock, C. C. Cancer 



Research 18: (Suppl. I) 26, 1958. 

 1(). Weber, E. M. et al. Bull. World Health 

 Organization 6: 149-161, 1952. 



Kislocelins 



Produced by: Xocardia lurida (2). 



Synonym: Spontin. 



Method of extraction: Broth-filtrate treated with 

 carbon. Eluted with 40 per cent acetone (at pH 

 2.0). Eluates concentrated to ^lo volume, ad- 

 justed to pH 5.0, and chromatographed on carbon. 

 Developed with 16 per cent acetone containing 1 

 ml per liter of 6 A^ H2SO4 . Active fractions iden- 

 tified by paper chromatography (80 per cent 

 methanol -20 per cent water containing 1.5 per 

 cent NaCl). In this system, ristocetin A has an Rf 

 of 0.4, and B, 0.15. P^irst fractions contain mainly 

 A; middle fractions A and B; and as the concen- 

 tration of acetone in the developer increases, the 

 last fractions contain mainly B. Purification by 

 chromatography on alumina after concentration 

 and removal of excess H2SO4 with Ba(0H)2 . 

 Ristocetins A and B converted to their free bases 

 by passage over mixed Amberlite resins IR-45 

 (OH-) and IR-120 (H+). Crystallized from water 

 and ethanol (1). 



Chemical and physical properties: Coniplcr: Am- 

 photeric substances. Soluble in water, dilute acids 

 and alkalies. Insoluble in methanol, ethanol, 

 acetone, ether, dioxane, chloroform, and glacial 

 acetic acid. xMax 280. Absorption increases after 

 inactivation with alkali. Infrared spectrum the 

 same for both A and B (1). Folin-Ciocalteau (for 

 phenols) and anthrone tests positive. Negative 

 biuret, Sakaguchi, and maltol tests. In aqueous 

 solution, pH is 8.0. Isoelectric point is 8.1 (in 

 glycine l)utl'er of ionic strength 0.05). Rf values 

 on paper chromatography given in reference 2. 

 Stable at acid pH; inactivated at pH >7.0. Hy- 

 drolysis (acid) products include D-arabinose, 

 glucose, mannose, rhamnose, and a ninhytlrin-pos- 

 itive substance (5). Ristocetin A: Hexagonal pris- 

 matic rods. Crystallographic data given in refer- 

 ence 1. C = 52.5%; H = 5.6%; N = 5.3%; S = 

 1.0% (sulfate). Ristocetin B: No comparal)le opti- 

 cal crystallographic or roentgen ray data coidd be 

 obtained on the needle crystals of B. C = 53.2%; 

 H = 5.7%; N = 6.1%; S = 0.4% (sulfate). 



Biological activity: Active on gram-positive 



