360 



DESCRIPTIONS OF ANTIBIOTICS 



(mice) 155 mg per kg intravenously. Roseothricin 

 B and C hydrochloride (mixture): LD50 (mice) 1 to 

 6 mg per kg intravenously (7, 9). 

 References: 



1. Hosoya, S. et al. Jnpun. J. Kxptl. Med. 



20: 121-133, 1949. 



2. Hosoya, S. et al. Japan. J. lv\])tl. Med. 



20:481^88, 1950. 



3. Hosoya, S. et al. Jaijan. J. Ivxptl. Med. 



20:683-687, 1950. 



4. Hosoya, S. et al . J. Antibiotics (Japan) 



4:79-83, 1951. 



5. Hosoya, S. et al. J. Antibiotics (Japan) 



4: 314-316, 1951. 



6. Hosoya, S. J. Antibiotics (Japan) 5: 248- 



250, 1952. 



7. Saburi, Y. J. Antibiotics (Japan) 6.\: 193, 



1953. 



8. Nakanishi, N. J. Antibiotics (Japan) 7A: 



174-175, 1954. 



9. Nakanishi, N. et al . Bull. Chem. Soc. 



Japan 27:539-543,1954. 



10. Hirata, Y. et al. Res. 3rd Congr. Intern. 



Biochem. 87, 1955. 



11. (loto, T. et al. Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan 



30: 304-305, 1957. 



12. Nakani.shi, K. and ( )hashi, M. JJull. Chem. 



Soc. Japan 30: 725-728, 1957. 



13. (ioto, T. et al. Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan 



30: 729-737, 1957. 



14. Horowitz, M. I. Thesis, Rutgers Univer- 



sity, 1957. 



Rotaveiitin 



Produced by: Streptomyces rubrireliculi (3, 6, 7), 

 formerly referred to as S. reticuli (3); S. griseo- 

 carneus (2, 4) (these strains also produce hydro.xy- 

 streptomycin) ; Streptoinyces sp. (5). 



Method of extraction: I. Mycelium extracted 

 with methanol or acetone. Extract concentrated 

 in vacuo. Concentrate adjusted to pH 2.0 to pre- 

 cipitate antibiotic. Washed with ether, dissolved 

 in methanol, and reprecipitated by addition of 

 water (3). Purified by countercurrent distribution 

 (water-methanol-CHCls-benzene, 7:23:30:15) (1, 

 5). Crystallized from water-methanol-benzene 

 (4). Broth extracted with butanol (5). 



Chemical and physical properties: White thin 

 leaves or colorless platelets (1, 3). Yellows at 

 130°C; m.p. 160-175°C (decomposition). Soluble 

 in methanol, butanol, amyl alcohol, and acetone. 

 Insolul)le in ether, petroleum ether, chloroform, 

 benzene, ethyl acetate, amyl acetate, trichloro- 

 ethylene, 5 per cent NaHCOs , and acidic water 

 (pH 2.0). No precipitate in alcoholic solution 



with phosphotungstic or picric acids, methyl 

 orange, lead acetate, HgClj , or CaCh (1, 3). 

 (Gradually yellows in air. Red in concentrated 

 H,S()4 . FeCl:, te.st negative (3). 



Bioloijical activity: Active on Sacch. sake, A. 

 niger, and /-'. glancum at 6 fxg per ml. Little or no 

 activity on '''. albicans, Mucor, Rhizopiis, Willia, 

 and Botrytis. Not active on bacteria (3). Slightly 

 active on Trichomonas vaginalis (6). 



Toxicity: LD(, (mice) about 150 mg per kgintra- 

 peritoneally, 770 mg per kg subcutaneously (3). 



References: 



1. Hosoya, S. et al. Japan. J. Exptl. Med. 



21:279-283, 1951. 



2. Benedict, R. G. et al. J. Bacteriol. 62: 



487-497, 1951. 



3. Hosoya, S. et al. J. Antibiotics (Japan) 



5:451^53, 1952. 



4. Hosoya, S. et al. Japan. J. Ivxptl. Med. 



22: 23-24, 1952. 



5. Taguchi, H. J. Fermentation Technol. 32: 



195-199, 1954. 



6. Hosoya, S. et al. J. Antil)iotics (Japan) 



6A: 92-97, 1953. 



7. Hosoya, S. Quoted in Benedict, R. G. 



Botan. Rev. 19: 229-320, 1953. 



Riibidiii 



Produced by: Streptoinyces sp. 



Method of extraction: Acidification of broth- 

 filtrate and refiltration. Clear red filtrate shaken 

 with diethyl ether or n-butanol until the acjueous 

 layer shows removal of red pigment. Extract 

 evaporated in vacuo. Purified by countercurrent 

 distribution (diethyl ether-acjueous HCl, pH 4.0). 



Chemical and physical properties: Acid-base 

 indicator (blue at alkaline pH, red at acid pH). 

 Dark red amorphous powder. Insoluble in pe- 

 troleum ether; slightly soluble in NaHCOs solu- 

 tion; highly solul)le in most organic solvents. 

 Stable at acid pH; unstable at pH 8 or above. 

 Contains no N. C = 51.9%; H = 5.56%; O = 

 42.54%. Ultraviolet absorption spectrum maxima 

 at 500 and 530 m^ (0.1 A HCl); 400 and 520 m^ 

 (0.1 A' NaOH) ; and 320, 415, and 490 niM (n-buta- 

 nol). Infrared spectrum data given in reference 1. 

 Positive alcoholic FeCl.3 test. Reversibly reduced, 

 changing to colorless compound, with sodivun 

 bisulfite or with zinc dust at alkaline or acid 

 pH. Rf = 0.80 by one-dimensional paper chroma- 

 tography (dioxane-water, 1:1). Distinguished by 

 paper chromatography from anthocyanins and 

 rhodomycins. 



Biological activity: Active mainly on gram-posi- 

 tive bacteria. Moderately active on Pr. vulgaris 



