DESCRIPTIONS OF ANTIBIOTICS 



379 



91. McKeen, W. E. Phytopathology 15:629- 



632, 1955. 



92. Miller, H. N. Proc. Florida State Hort. 



Soc. 68: 354-.358, 1955. 



93. Foye, W. O. et al. J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. 



44: 261-263, 1955. 



94. Gray, R. A. Am. J. Botany 42: 327-331, 



1955. 



95. Keller, H. et al. Antibiotics Ann. 35-38, 



1955-1956. 



96. Keller, H. et al. Arzneimittel-Forsch. 6: 



61-66, 1956. 



97. Thomas, C. Phytopathology 46:29,1956. 



98. Zaumeyer, W. J. and Wester, W. E. Phy- 



topathology 46: 32, 1956. 



99. Zaumeyer, W. J. and Doolittle, S. P. 



Phytopathology 46: 32, 1956. 



100. Natti, J. J. and Hervey, G. E. R. Phyto- 



pathology 46: 242, 1956. 



101. Deep, I. W. Phytopathology 46: 635, 



1956. 



102. Ark, P. A. and Alcorn, S. x\I. Plant Dis- 



ease Reptr. 40: 85-92, 1956. 



103. Marlatt, R. B. Plant Disease Reptr. 40: 



200-201, 1956. 



104. Daines, R. H. Plant Disease Reptr. 40: 



335-336, 1956. 



105. Williams, L. E. and Lockwood, J. L. Plant 



Disease Reptr. 40: 479-482, 1956. 



106. Keyworth, W. G. and Howell, J. S. Rept. 



Natl. Veg. Research Sta. (Warwick) 6: 

 50-55, 1956. 



107. Hagborg, W. A. F. Can. J. Microl)inl. 2: 



80-86, 1956. 



108. Crosse, J. E. Ann. Rept. East Mailing 



Research Sta., Kent 170-172, 1956. 



109. Tso, T. C. and Jeffrey, R. N. Nature, 



London 178:800-801,1956. 



110. Goodwin, T. W. et al. Biochem. J. 62: 



259-268, 1956. 



111. Adler, H. E. et al. Cornell Vet. 46: 206- 



216, 1956. 



112. Ballard, B. E. et al. J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. 



45: 181-185, 1956. 



113. Bartels, C. R. et al. U.S. Patent 2,765,302, 



()ctol>er 2, 1956. 



114. Keller. H. et al. Antibiotics Ann. 1956- 



1957, pp. 549-553. 



115. Hawkins, J. E., Jr. et al. Antibiotics Ann. 



1956-1957, pp. 554-563. 



116. Osterberg, A. C. et al. Antibiotics Ann. 



1956-1957, pp. 564-573. 



117. Child, K. J. et al. Antibiotics Ann. 1956- 



1957, pp. 574-580. 



118. Fardig, O. B. U.S. Patent 2,754,295, July 



10, 1956. 



119. Nitta, K. Japan. J. Med. Sci. & Biol. 



10: 277-286, 1957. 



120. Epps, W. M. Plant Disease Reptr. 41: 



148-150, 1957. 



121. Ark, P. A. and Sibray, W. S. Plant Dis- 



ease Reptr. 41: 449-451, 1957. 



122. Kaufman, M. J. and Chamberlain, D. W. 



Plant Disease Reptr. 41: 806-807, 1957. 



123. Horner, C. E. and Maier, C. R. Phyto- 



pathology 47: 525, 1957. 



124. Dye, M. H. New Zealand J. Sci. Technol. 



38A: 898-907, 1957. 



125. Friedman, I. J. et al. U.S. Patent 



2,827,417, March 18, 1958. 



126. Thind, K. S. Indian J. Med. Research 



66: 627-637, 1958. 



127. Boyd, A. E. W. and Paton, A. M. Plant 



Pathol. 7: 88-91, 1958. 



128. Altman, J. and Davis, B. H. Plant Dis- 



ea.se Reptr. 42: 416-419, 1958. 



129. Ark, P. A. and Thompson, J. P. Plant 



Disease Reptr. 42: 1203-1205, 1958. 



130. Prescott, B. et al. Antibiotics & Chemo- 



therapy 8: 27-32, 1958. 



131. Lawrence, J. C. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 14: 



168-173, 1959. 



132. Borders, H. I. Plant Disease Reptr. 43: 



549-551, 1959. 



133. Rangaswami, G. et al. Phj'^topathology 



49: 224-226, 1959. 



134. Chernin, E. J. Parasitol. 45: 268, 1959. 



135. Schatz, A. et al. Proc. Soc. E.xptl. Biol. 



Med. .55: 6()-69, 1944. 



Slreploiiifiriii 



Produced hi/: Streploini/ces flucrulu.s. 



Method of extraction: E.xtraction of the filtered 

 broth with n-butanol or ethyl acetate between pH 

 3.0 and 5.0. Extract concentrated. Back-extracted 

 into a neutral buffer. Re-extraction into ethyl ace- 

 tate at pH 4.0. Concentration of the solvent ex- 

 tract yields a coffee-brown powder. Countercur- 

 rent distribution (100 transfers) in the system 

 ethyl acetate-3 per cent phosphate buffer at pH 

 7.5. The distribution is followed by measurements 

 of optical den.sity at 370 niju and biological activity 

 against Staph, aureus. Coefficient distribution of 

 streptonigrin varies with concentration. 



Chemical and physical properties: Coffee -brown 

 to almost black, long, rectangular plates. Decom- 

 poses at 275°C. Slightly soluble in water, lower al- 

 cohols, ethyl acetate, and chloroform. More solu- 

 ble in dioxane, pyridine, dimethylformamide, and 

 aciueous sodium bicarbonate. Bicarbonate solu- 

 tions decompose slowly. Tentative empirical for- 



