DESCRIPTIONS OF ANTIBIOTICS 



381 



Other produet.s are described in reference 29. (See 

 Table 43.) 



Biological activity: In vitro: Active on gram- 

 positive and gram-negative bacteria, including 

 mycobacteria (5). Active on certain fungi and 

 yeasts (6). Slightly active on Trichomonas vagi- 

 nalis (25 yug per ml) (26). Active on coliphage (8). 

 Resistance to streptothricin developed less read- 

 ily than to streptomycin in most bacteria tested 

 (16). Active in mice on Streptococcus heinolyticiis, 

 Sal. schotlmuUeri, Sal. typhimurium, E. coli, 

 Shigella dysenteriae, and Pasteurella tularensis. 

 Most gram-positive bacteria are resistant to strep- 

 tothricin in vivo, as are Pr. vulgaris, Ps. aerugi- 

 nosa, influenza virus, and Trypanosoma equiper- 

 dum (4, 7). Active in chicken embrj^os and guinea 

 pigs against Br. abortus but not M. tuberculosis (2, 

 9) . Active in rats and dogs on Endamoeba histo- 

 lytica (31). Prolongs survival time in mice with 

 Cryptococcus neofornians infections (19), and is 

 active against Blastomyces dermatitidis infections 

 in the chick embryo, although irritating to the 

 embryo (14). Cross-resistance with streptolin, 

 neomycin, and streptomycin. Increases growth 

 rate of chickens on a vegetable protein diet (24). 

 Actively translocated by tobacco, tomato, and 

 bean plants (28). Prolongs survival tinu' in mice 

 infected with C/os/riV/iw/H perfringens and CI. histo- 

 lyticum (33). 



Toxicity: Acute intravenous LL).-,(i (mice) >245 

 mg ])er kg; however, delayed to.xicity kills at this 

 level. If this delayed toxicity is considered, mice 

 tolerate only 8 mg per kg (10). Toxic to Allium 

 cepa root cells at 50 ppm (22). 



References : 



1. Waksman, S. A. and Woodruff, H. B. Proc. 



Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med. 49: 207-210, 1942. 



2. Metzger, H. J. et al. Proc. Soc. Exptl. 



Biol. Med. 51: 251-252, 1942. 



3. Waksman. S. A. J. Bacteriol. 46: 299-310, 



1943. 



4. Robinson, H. J. et al. Science 99: 540-542, 



1944. 



5. Woodruff, H. B. and Foster, J. W. Proc. 



Soc. Exptl. Biol. :Med. 57: 88-89, 1944. 



6. Foster, J. W. and Woodruff, H. B. Arch. 



Biochem. 3:241-255,1944. 



7. Robinson, H. J. and Smith, D. G. J. Phar- 



macol. Exptl. Therap. 81: 390-401, 1944. 



8. Jones, D. J. Bacteriol. 50: 341-348, 1945. 



9. Feldman, W. H. and Hinshaw, H. C. Am. 



Rev. Tuberc. 52: 299-303, 1945. 



10. Rake, G. et al. Am. J. Med. Sci. 210: 61- 



66, 1945. 



11. Fried, J. and Wintersteiner, O. Science 



101:613-()15, 1945. 



12. Kuehl, F. A., Jr. et al. Science 102: 34- 



51, 1946. 



13. Peck, R. L. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 6»: 



772-776, 1946. 



14. Meyer, E. and Ordal, Z. J. J. Infectious 



Diseases 79: 199-204, 1946. 



15. Bohonos, N. el al. Arch. Biochem. 15: 



215-225, 1947. 



16. Price, C. W. et al. J. Bacteriol. .5.3: 481- 



488, 1947. 



17. Tru.ssell, P. C. et al. J. Bacteriol. 5:5: 769- 



780, 1947. 



18. Peterson, D. H. et al . J. Am. Chem. Soc. 



69: 3145-3146, 1947. 



19. Solotorovsky, M. and Bugie, E. J. J. Im- 



munol. 60:497-502, 1948. 



20. Peck, R. L. U. S. Patent 2,474,758, June 28, 



1949. 



21. Chapman, S. S. ct al. J. Infectious Diseases 



85: 25-38, 1949. 



22. Wilson, G. B. J. Heredity 11: 226-231, 



1950. 



23. Wintersteiner, O. anil Fried, J. OfHc. (Jaz. 



U. S. Pat. Office 637: 256, 1950. 



24. Peeler, H. T. and Rodgers, N. E. Poultry 



Sci. 31: 1104-1105, 1952. 



25. Pagano^ J. F. et al. Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. 



Med. 79: 359-363, 1952. 



26. Seneca, H. and Ides, D. Am. J. Trop. 



Med. Hyg. 2: 1045-1049, 1953. 



27. Carter, H. E. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 



76: 566-569, 1954. 



28. Gray, R. A. Plant Physiol. 30: (suppl.) 



vi, 1955. 



29. Pierce, J. V. Thesis, University of Illinois, 



1956. 



30. van Tamelen, E. E. et al. J. Am. Chem. 



Soc. 78: 4817-4818, 1956. 



31. Thompson, P. E. et al. Antil)iotics & 



Chemotherapy 6:337-350, 1956. 



32. Hall, H. H. and Benedict, R. G. U. S. 



Patent 2,846,310, August 5, 1958. 



33. Ryan, F. J. et al. J. Infectious Diseases 



78: 223-231, 1946. 



34. Horowitz, M. I. and Schaft'ner, C. P. Anal. 



Chem. 30: 1616-1620, 1958. 



Slreplolliriciii-likc Anl ihiol ics 



Produced by: Slreplomyces sp. resembling S. 

 roseochromogenes (4, 5, 7, 8, 10), S. flavochroinogenes 

 (12), Streptomyces sp. resembling »S. flavus (14), 

 The last culture also produces flavacid. 



Synonyms: Antibiotic 20, antibiotic 24, antibi- 

 otic 39, antibiotic 259, antibiotic 120 (Seki sub- 

 stance), roseocitrin A (12), and streptothricin III 

 (14). See Table 43. 



