892 



DESCRIPTIONS OF ANTIBIOTICS 



well as the epimers of the tetracyclines and anhy- 

 drotetracyclines, are biologicallj'' active (1, 7). 

 The derivatives referred to in III (above) are 

 more active in vitro (0.78 to 6.25 ng per ml) against 

 Trichomonas vaginalis than are the parent com- 

 l)ouiuis. All are also active in vivo on T. vaginalis, 

 especially 9-t-butylanhydrochlortetracycline. The 

 derivatives are less effective than the parent com- 

 pounds on Endamoeba histolytica infections. None 

 has activity on Trypanosoma eqiiiperdum in mice; 

 9-t-butyIanhydrochlortetracycline is active, at 

 high levels, against pinworm infections (Syphacia 

 obvelata) in mice (2). 

 References: 



1. Tatsuoka, S. et al. J. Pharm. Soc. Japan 



75: 13b2-1366, 1955. 



2. Lynch, J. E. and Stephens, C. R. Antibi- 



otics Ann. 1955-1956, pp. 466-472. 



3. Stevens, C. R. ei al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 



78: 1515-1516, 1956. 



4. McCormick, J. R. D. el al. J. Am. Chem. 



Soc. 79:2849-2858,1957. 



5. McCormick, J. R. D. et al. J. Am. Chem. 



Soc. 79: 4561-4563, 1957. 



6. Selzer, G. B. and Wright, VV. W. Antibi- 



otics & Chemotherapy 7: 292-296, 1957. 



7. Kaplan, M. A. and Buckwalter, F. H. Anti- 



biotics Ann. 1957-1958, pp 507-513. 



8. Mistretta, A. G. Antibiotics & Chemo- 



therapy 8:392-393,1958. 



9. McCormick, J. R, D. ct al. J. Am. Chem. 



Soc. 80: 5572-5573, 1958. 



Tetraeiie .\iitifuiifial Anlibiotic 



Produced by: Strains of Streplouiyces finigicidi- 

 cus. 



Method of extraction: Extracted from tlic culture- 

 filtrate with butanol. 



Chemical and physical properties: Tetraene. 

 Soluble in methanol, ethylene glycol, propylene 

 glycol, benzaldehyde, glacial acetic acid, formal- 

 dehyde, pyridine, isopropyl alcohol. Slightly 

 soluble in ethanol, butanol, propyl alcohol, and 

 amyl alcohol. Insoluble in dioxane, toluene, xylol, 

 ethyl and butyl acetate, anhydrous acetone, 

 chloroform, ether, ligroin, hexane, and benzene. 

 Ultraviolet absorption spectrum maxima at 290, 

 300, and 317 m/x. Positive Molisch, Fehling, and 

 KMn04 reactions. Negative Feds , Millon, Tollen, 

 Schiff, and Sakaguchi reactions. Stable at acidic 

 jjH; unstable at alkaline pH. 



Biological activity: Active on yeasts and fila- 

 mentous fungi. 



Reference: 1. Umezawa, H. ct al. Japanese 

 Patent 5744, 1956. 



Tetrin 



Produced by: Streptomyces sp. 



Method of extraction: Can be adsorbed on carbon 

 or cation exchange resins and eluted from the 

 carbon with ethanol and method Cellosolve and 

 from the resin with 10 per cent NaCl. 



Chemical and physical properties: Tetraene. 

 Very soluble in water and lower alcohols. Slightly 

 soluble in chloroform. Insoluble in ether, acetone, 

 and hydrocarbons. Ultraviolet absorption spec- 

 trum maxima at 291, 305, and 319 m^l (in w^ater). 

 Unstable at acidic pH; stable at neutrality and 

 alkaline pH. Boiling for 1 hour reduces the ac- 

 tivity 20 per cent; autoclaving at 121 °C for 20 

 minutes destroys 55 per cent of the activity. Rf 

 values on paper chromatography given in refer- 

 ence 1. 



Biological activity: Active on filamentous fungi 

 and yeasts. Inactive on bacteria. Active on leaf 

 spot (Cercospora sojina) of soybean, but enhances 

 rust (Puccinia asparagi D. C.) of asparagus. 



Toxicity: Nontoxic when applied as a spray (1000 

 jug per ml) to tomato, soybean, beet, broccoli, rad- 

 ish, and pea plants. Similar treatment of lettuce, 

 tomato, bean, pea, radish, and melon seeds is also 

 nontoxic. 



References : 



1. Pote, H. L. Thesis, University of Illinois, 



1958. 



2. Gottlieb, D. and Pote, H. L. Phytopath- 



ology r,(t: 817-822, 1960. 



Tliernioniycin 



Produced hy: Streptotuyces theruiophiliis (S- 

 form) . 



Method of extraction: Precipitated from broth 

 by half-saturated (NH4)2S04 or extracted with 

 ether. 



Chemical and physical properties: Crude ether- 

 extract: yellow powder. Heating for 15 minutes at 

 75°C reduces activity by 25 per cent; activity 

 destroyed by heating for 15 minutes at 100 °C. 

 Nondialyzal)le. Passes Berkefeld-N and Seitz 

 filters. 



Biological activity: Active on Corynebacteri um 

 diphtheriae. Very weakly active on Listerella 

 monocytogenes. Not active on other bacteria. 



Reference: 1. Schone, R. Antibiotics & Chem- 

 otherapy 1: 176-180, 1951. 



Thermoviricliii 



Produced by: Thcnuoactinoinyces viridis. 

 Method of extraction: Filtered broth adjusted to 

 pH 3 with phosphoric acid and held at 0-5 °C for 



