406 



DESCRIPTIONS OF ANTIBIOTICS 



23. Aral, T. et al. Antibiotics et Chemotherapy 



7: 435-442, 1957. 



24. Umezawa, H. Given in reference 23. 



25. Friedman, I. J. et al. U. S. Patent 2,827,417, 



March 18, 1958. 



Viomycin-like Antibiotic 



Produced by: Streptomyces olivoreticuH (1). 



Method of extraction: Broth -filtrate adsorbed on 

 IRC-50 resin (Na+ form). Eluted with 1.0 per cent 

 H2SO4 , pH of eluate adjusted to G.O to G.4, pre- 

 cipitate which forms is filtered off, and filtrate 

 concentrated in vacuo. Purified by fractionation 

 with methanol, and salt conversion via the rein- 

 eckate. 



Chemical and physical properties: Sulfate: Very 

 soluble in water. Insoluble in almost all organic 

 solvents. Ultraviolet absorption spectrum maxi- 

 mum at 268 mix (E'lL 284) in pH 7.0 buffer and in 

 0.1 N HCl, and at 280 niju in 0.1 .V NaOH. Infrared 

 spectrum given in reference 1. Positive biuret, nin- 

 hydrin, Fehling, and Sakaguchi tests. Negative 

 Benedict test. Rf = 0.2 (80 per cent phenol) and 

 0.45 (n-butanol-glacial acetic acid-water, 4:2:1). 

 Hydrolysate gives pattern of ninhydrin-positive 

 spots similar to viomycin hydrolysates. Reineck- 

 ate: m.p. 210°C (decomposition, uncorrected). 



Biological activity: Antimicrobial activity simi- 

 lar to viomycin, but somewhat less active. 



Reference: 1. Arai, T. et al. Antil)iotics & Chem- 

 otherapy 7:435-442,1957. 



Virocidin 



Produced by: Streptomyces flavoreticuU . 



Synonyms: Probablj' identical witli al)ikoviro- 

 mycin and latumcidin. 



Method of extraction: Broth-filtrate extracted 

 with ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, ether, or chloro- 

 form. Ethyl acetate back-extracted into 0.1 .V 

 HCl. Aqueous extract extracted with ether at 

 pH 7 to 8. Ether dehydrated, concentrated. Pre- 

 cipitated as the picrate. Recrystallized from car- 

 bon tetrachloride or carbon tetrachloride-chloro- 

 form. 



Chemical and physical properties: Unstable sub- 

 stance, not capable of being crystallized as the 

 base. Picrate: Yellow needles. No distinct melting 

 point when heated slowly; turning brown at 120°C, 

 gray above 200°C, and black at higher tempera- 

 tures. Burns with an explosion when heated rap- 

 idly. Contains 47 per cent picric acid. Soluble in 

 methanol, ethanol, acetone, chloroform, diethyl - 

 ene glycol, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl Cellosolve, and 

 pyridine. Slightly soluble in water, benzene, ethyl 



acetate, carbon tetrachloride, ether, and dioxane. 

 Insoluble in cyclohexane, petroleum ether, and 

 ligroin. Ultraviolet absorption spectrum maxima 

 at 238 (E\ln 390) and 335 m^ (EiL 370) in water 

 containing HCl, shifting to 250 (E^L 370) and 335 

 mfi (Elfm 190) after 1 day. In water at pH 7.0, has 

 a maximum at 243 m/i (E\om 340), shifting to 241 

 (.Elcm 200) and 282 m^ (E\'L 220) after 1 day. Nega- 

 tive Fed,-! , ninhydrin, biuret, Sakaguchi, sodium 

 nitroprusside, Fehling, Molisch, Tollen, Nessler, 

 Br2 , and KMn04 tests. Infrared spectrum given 

 in reference 1. C = 49.61%; H = 3.55%; N = 

 10.95%. Becomes red-brown when inactivated. 



Biological activity: Active in contact tests 

 against rabies virus (assayed in mice). Very 

 slightlj' active on bacteria: E. coli at 50 /ig per ml 

 and Staph, aureus at 250 jug per ml. 



Toxicity: LDjo (mice) 12.5 mg per kg intrave- 

 nously. Mice tolerate 0.5 mg per kg intracerebrally, 

 and 25 mg per kg intradermalh'. 



Reference: 1. I'vmaki, M. et al. J. Antibiotics 

 (Japan) IIA: 138-142, 1958. 



Virus in 1609 



Produced by: Streptomyces lavendulac (4). 



Chemical and physical properties: Basic sub- 

 stance. Yellow hygroscopic powder. Soluble in 

 water, methanol, and ethanol. Insoluble in other 

 organic solvents. Forms a picrate, helianthate, 

 picrolonate, and hydrochloride. Stai)le at 3-5°C 

 for 2 years as the crude powder. Acid-stable. 

 Labile to alkali (1). 



Biological activity: Active on gram-positive and 

 gram-negative bacteria, mycobacteria, A'ocardia, 

 Candida (1), and viruses, including influenza A, 

 Al , and B in vitro and in vivo (2), and endemic 

 encephalitis (1). Moderately active on vaccinia 

 virus (3). Active on actinophage (1). Not active 

 on Taylor's virus or staphylophage (1, 3). Active 

 in vivo (animal not stated) on anthrax, tubercu- 

 losis, dysentery, diphtheria, l)rucellosis, and 

 "strangles" of horses (1). Active on i)owderv mil- 

 dew of the dog rose (5). 



References: 



1. Skriabin, G. K. Antibiotiki 2(1): 10-13, 1957. 



2. (iermanova, K. J. and Koroleva, V. G. Anti- 



biotiki 2(1): 13-17, 1957. 



3. Germanova, K. J. and Koroleva, V. G. Anti- 



biotiki 2(3): 14-17, 1957. 



4. Solovieva, N. K. and Delova, I. D. J.Micro- 



l)iol. Epidemiol. Immunobiol. 29:399-404, 

 1958. 



5. Protsenko, E. P. et al. Ciiven in Ruutensh- 



tein, Y. 1. Mikrobiologiya (Engl, transl.) 

 2«: 148, 1959. 



