^ 



J^, 



TABLE OF CONTENTS 



The Actinoiiiycetes 



Part A 



NATURE, FORAIATION, AND ACTIVITIES OF ANTIBIOTICS 

 PRODUCED BY ACTINOMYCETES 



Preface v 



Introductory 1 



1. Microbial Antagonisms and Production of Antibiotics 7 



2. How Antibiotics Came to be Recognized 12 



3. The Search for Antibiotics: Screening Programs 20 



4. Production of Antibiotics 31 



5. Isolation and Identification of Antibiotics of Actinomycetes 40 



6. Chemical Nature of the Antibiotics of Actinomycetes 48 



7. Biogenesis of Antibiotics 64 



8. Antimicrobial Activities of Antibiotics 77 



9. Modes of Action of Antibiotics 90 



10. Development of Resistance 104 



11. Utilization of Antibiotics in Clinical and in \'eterinarv Medicine. Other 



Applications 1 14 



An Outlook 119 



References to Part A 122 



Part B 



DESCRIPTIONS OF THE VARIOUS ANTIBIOTICS PRODUCED 

 BY ACTINOMYCETES 



Introductory 139 



Keys to the Antibiotics 141 



Antibiotics Which Are Active Mainly Against Gram-positive Bacte- 

 ria " 141 



Antibiotics Which Are Active Against Gram-positi\'e and Ciram- 



negati\'e Bacteria 146 



Antibiotics Which Have Antifungal Activity 150 



Substances Which Are Not Active Against Bacteria and 'or Fungi. . 154 



List of Antibiotics with Antiprotozoal Activity 155 



List of Antibiotics with Antiviral Activitv 156 



Vll 



iQ8i 



