18<JU.] "*^.' [Gushing. 



remarkable figurehead of a wolf with tlie jaws distended, separate ears, 

 and conventional, flat, scroll-shaped shoulder- or leg-pieces, designed for 

 attachment thereto with cordage, as shown in Fig. 1, PI. XXXIII. A short 

 distance from this specimen was found the beautifullj' featured man-mask 

 sketched in Fig. 2 of the same plate. Now both of tliese specimens had 

 been painted with black, white, and blue designs, whicli unfortunately 

 cannot be shown with sufficient clearness in the uucolored sketches. 

 When I observed that the designs on the human mask represented, 

 albeit conventionally, the general features and lines of the wolf figure- 

 head associated with it, I was no longer at loss to understand the con- 

 nection of the two. It will be observed that on the ear-pieces of the 

 wolf figurehead, are two well-defined and sharp-pointed dark areas repre- 

 senting the openings of the erect ears, and that correspondingly, above 

 the eyebrows of the mask itself, similarly pointed black areas are painted, 

 while the tusked open mouth of the wolf figurehead is also represented by 

 jagged, or zigzag lines on the mask, extending across the cheeks upward 

 to the corners of the mouth, apparently to symbolize the gnashing teeth 

 of the Avolf ; and even the conventionally represented shoulders and feet 

 of the springing wolf figurehead are drawn in clean white lines over the 

 entire middle of the face of this mask. It was therefore evident to me, 

 that these painted lines upon the human mask were designed, really, to 

 represent the aspect and features and even the characteristic action or 

 spring, of the wolf. Hence I looked upon these two painted carvings as 

 having been used in a dramaturgic- or dance-ceremonial of these ancient 

 people, in which it was sought to symbolize successively the different 

 aspects or incarnations of the same animal-god, namely the wolf-god, 

 — that is, his animal aspect, and his human aspect. 



Xow tliis association of the animal figureheads with themasks jire- 

 senting their human counterparts was not exceptional. In another por- 

 tion of the court the rather diminutive but exquisitely carved head, breast 

 and shoitlders (with separate parts representative of the outspread wings, 

 near by) of a pelican, was found, and in connection with this, a full-sized 

 human mask of wood, also. Upon the forehead, cheeks, and lower portion 

 of the face of this mask, was painted in white over the general black 

 background, the full outline (observed from above) of a flying pelican, as 

 ma J' be better seen tlian imagined by a comparison of Figs. 3 and 4, in PI. 

 XXXIII — especiallj' if I explain that the under lip and chin of this man- 

 pelican mask was quaintly pouted and protruded to represent the pouch 

 of the pelican — in a manner that does not show in the full-face drawing. 



The remarkable and elaborately carved and painted figurehead of the 

 leather-back turtle ; the large figurehead or mask-like carving represen- 

 tative of a bear — its face also elaborately painted — and others of the ani- 

 mal figureheads which we found, were likewise paired or associated with 

 their human presentmentations or counterparts — that is, human masks 

 painted with practically the same face-designs as occitrred on these 

 animal figures. 



