HISTORICAL OUTLINE 



13 



years that any real attempt has been made to survey bacterial groups as a whole, 

 and to bring some order out of our chaos. 



The first two decades of the present century witnessed no such striking advances 

 in our knowledge of the bacteriology of disease as occurred between 1875 and 1900, 

 and the reason for this slower progress is obvious. The technique developed by 

 Pasteur and Koch had been applied over a very wide field. Those problems 

 which were susceptible of solution by the methods available had, to a great extent. 



PASTEUR 



182Z 



KOCH 



1843 



1850 



LISTER 



1827 



STUDIES ON 

 TARTRATES AND 

 MOLECULAR ASYMMETRY. 



studies on 

 fermentation: 



1860 



CONTROVERSY ON 



SPONTANEOUSb GENERATION 



DISEASES OF WINE 

 PEBRINE. 



1870 



SUP PUR A TION CAUSED 



Br BACTERIA. 



DEVELOPMENT 

 OF ANTISEPTIC 

 SURGERY. 



. « « « ^ TYPHOSUS TRAUMA TIC 



1880 f6ert/L _liiEJCTms_ 



~ ^ rr, "ffblPHTHERIAE 



GsFfky ifleta^ir tubeku 

 LoetTler bacillus. 



1890 



ANTHRAX 

 BACILLUS 

 STAINING 

 METHODS^ 

 'PLATE 

 CULTURES 

 CHOLERA 

 HIB'ilO 



DISEASES OF BEER. 

 ANTHRAX STUDIES COMNINCED. 

 '^APER ON GERM THEORY 



VACCINATION AGAINST ANTHRAX. 

 RABIES TRANSMITTED TO DOSS. 

 VACCINATION A6AINST RABIES. 



0PENIN6 OF PASTEUR INSTITUTE. 



O)' 





1900 



TUBERCULIN 



1895 



TYPHoib CARRIERS. 



PUBLICATICNS BY 

 SCHIMMELBUSCH. 



SPREAD OF 

 ASEPSIS 



1910 



1910 



1912 



1920 



Fia. 3. 



been solved, and those which remained unanswered appeared to demand new 

 methods of attack, or at least attack along new lines. 



The study of immunity has absorbed the interest and energies of a large number 

 of bacteriologists during the past forty years. This branch of bacteriology 

 derives from Pasteur's studies on chicken cholera, anthrax and rabies, from Metchni- 

 koff's investigations on the cellular reactions in infection, and from the work of 

 Buchner, Nuttall, von Behring, Ehrlich, Bordet and others, who have investigated 

 the reactions between the sera of artificially immunized animals and the bacteria, 

 bacterial products, foreign cells, or foreign proteins with which they have been 



