MORPHOLOGY 39 



which are collectively known as the acid-fast bacilli. It is of interest to note that these 

 bacilli are peculiarly resistant to the action of such solvents as strong solutions of alkalies, 

 or mixtures of alkalies and sodium hj^pochlorite (antiformin), as also to the action of 

 digestive ferments. In this connection it may be noted that acid-fast bacUli are also 

 Gram-positive, though the majority of Gram-positive organisms are not acid-fast. The 

 substance which confers this property of acid-fastness on the tubercle baciUus and allied 

 forms has been studied by Klebs (1896), Koch (1897), Bulloch and Macleod (1904) and 

 Tamura (1913). It was at first regarded as an unsaturated fat, but is now generally believed 

 to be lipoidal or waxy in nature. Bulloch and Macleod state that it has the chemical 

 properties of an alcohol, and Tamura isolated an alcohol which had the property of acid- 

 fastness, and which he named " mykol." (For further details see Chapter 16.) 



REFERENCES 



Allen, L. A., Appleby, J, C. and Wolf, J. (1939) Zbl. Bakt., ITte Abt., 100, 3.' 



Almquist, a. and Koraen, G. (1918) Z. Hyg. InfektKr., 85, 347. 



Almquist, E. (1893) Z. Hyg. InfektKr., 15, 283 ; (1904) Zbl. Bakt., 37, 18 ; (1905) Z. Hyg. 



InfektKr., 52, 179; (1907) Zbl. Bakt., 45, 491 ; (1911) Ibid., 60, 167; (1917) Z. Hyg. 



InfektKr., 83, 1 ; (1922) J. infect. Dis., 31, 483 ; (1924a) Ibid., 35, 341 ; (1924^) Z. Hyg. 



InfektKr., 101, 15. 

 Amato, a. (1909) Zbl. Bakt., 48, 385. 

 Ascoli. (1901) Dtsch. med. Wschr., 20, 313. 



Babes, V. (1889) Z. Hyg. InfektKr., 6, 173 ; (1895) Ibid., 20, 412. 

 Badian, J. (1933) Arch. MikrobioL, 4, 409. 

 Bail, 0. (1908) Zbl. Bakt., 48, 488. 

 Barnard, J. E. (1919) J. R. micr. Soc, p. 1 ; (1925) Lancet, ii. 117 ; (1930) " A System 



of Bacteriology," Med. Res. Council London, 1, 115. 

 Beebe, J. M. (1941) J. Bad.. 42, 193. 

 Bergstrand, H. (1920) J. infect. Dis., 27, 1 ; (1921) Johns Hopk. Hosp. Bull., 32, 234; 



(1923) J. Bact., 8, 365. 

 Bewley, W. F. and Hutchinson, M. B. (1920) /. agric. Sci., 10, 144. 

 Borries, B. von, Ruska, E. and Ruska, H. (1938) Klin. Wschr., 17, 921. 

 Brudny, V. (1908) Zbl. Bakt., lite Abt., 21, 62. 

 BtTLLOCH, W. and Macleod, J. J. R. (1904) J. Hyg., Camb., 4, 1. 

 Chambers, R. and Dawson, J. A. (1925) Biol. Bull., 48, 240. 

 Chance, H. L. (1938) J. Bact., 35, 347. 

 COHN, F. (1875) Beitr. Biol. Pflanz., 1, 2. 



CuRRAN, H. R., Brdnstetter. B. C. and Myers, A. T. (1943) J. Bact., 45, 485. 

 Deussen, E. (1918) Z. Hyg. InfektKr., 85, 235. 



Dienes, L. (1942) J. Bact., 44, 37; (1943) Proc. Soc. exp. Biol, N.Y., 53, 84. 

 Dienes, L. and Smith, W. E. (1942) Proc. Soc. exp. Biol, N.Y., 51, 297; (1943) Ibid., 



53, 195; (1944) J. Bad., 48, 125. 

 DoBELL, C. (1911) Quart. J. micr. Sci., 56, 395. 

 Dombrowsky, K. H. (1936) Zbl. Bakt., 137, 160. 

 Ehrlich, p. (1882) Dtsch. med. Wschr., 8, 269. 

 EiSENBEEO, P. (1903) Zbl Bakt., 34, 739; (1908) Ibid., 45, 44, 134, 638; (1909) Ibid., 



49, 465. 

 Ellis, D. (1902-03) Zbl Bakt., 33, 1, 81, 161 ; (1922) BriL med. J., ii. 731. 

 Enderlein. (1925) " Bakterien-Cvclogenie, etc." Berlin. 

 Ernst, P. (1888) Z. Hyg. InfektKr., 4, 25 ; (1889) Ibid., 5, 428 ; (1902) Zbl Bakt., lite Abt., 



8, 1, 34, 65, 97. 

 Etinger-Tulczynska, R. (1933) Z. Hyg. InfektKr., 114, 769. 

 Feinberg. (1900) Zbl. Bakt., 27, 417. 

 FiCKER, M. (1903) Arch. Hyg., 46, 171. 



Fischer, A. (1894) " Unteisuchungen iiber Bakterien." Berlin. 

 Friedman, C. A. and Henry, B. S. (1938) /. Bad., 36, 99. 

 Fruhbrodt. E. and Ruska, H. (1940) Arch. Mikrobiol. 11, 137. 

 FuHRMANN, F. (1910) Zbl Bakt., Ilte Abt., 25, 129. 

 Fuller, W. H. and Norman, A. G. (1943) J. Bad., 46, 273. 

 Gardner, A. D. (1925) J. Path. Bad., 27, 189. 

 Gauss, C. J. (1902) Zbl Bakt., 31, 92. 

 Graham-Smith, G. 8. (1941) ./. Hyg., Camb; 41, 496. 

 Gram, C. (1884) Fortschr. Med., 2, 185. 

 Grimme, a. (1902) Zbl. Bakt., 32, 1, 81, 161, 241, 321. 



