442 MYCOBACTERIUM 



Reproduction of the Disease in Animals. — The injection intravenously, intra- 

 peritoneally, or subcutaneously of pure cultures of Johne's bacillus into bovine 

 animals frequently gives rise to the typical disease, from the lesions of which 

 pure cultures of the bacillus can be recovered (Twort and Ingram 1913). Feeding 

 may also be successful. Sometimes goats and sheep can be infected by inocu- 

 lation of pure cultures ; lambs are said to be more susceptible than adult sheep 

 (McEwen 1939). Reproduction of the disease in laboratory animals has not 

 so far been successful. Johne and Frothiugham (1895) and Twort and Ingram 

 (1913) found that guinea-pigs, rats, and mice were refractory. Later Twort and 

 Craig (1913) found that the intraperitoneal inoculation of 100-120 mgm. of bacilli 

 into rabbits gave rise in the abdominal cavity to a few nodules which were slightly 

 caseous ; the animals remained perfectly well, and showed no signs of toxic dis- 

 turbances. The same lesions were produced by Myco. pklei. Boquet (1925) 

 found that the intraperitoneal injection of 5-10 mgm. of culture into white rats 

 gave rise to pin-head, greyish nodules on the surface of the peritoneum and 

 omentum ; these nodules contained pus very rich in bacilli. The mesenteric 

 glands were enlarged ; the tracheo-bronchial glands were enlarged, hard, and 

 sclerotic, and contained enormous numbers of bacilli. Even more marked lesions 

 were obtained when the injection was repeated in 15 to 20 days with a dose of 

 10-30 mgm. White mice developed similar but less chronic lesions. It is 

 doubtful whether these changes can be considered specific for Johne's bacillus ; 

 similar lesions can often be produced by the saprophytic acid-fast bacilli. It is 

 certain that no one has yet reproduced in laboratory animals the typical enteritis 

 of the natural disease. 



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