668 BACTERIUM 



capsulatus Mori, Proteus hominis capsulatus Bordoni-UfEreduzzi, B. capsulatus 

 PfeifEer (Pfeifier 1889), B. mucosus capsulatus Paulsen, B. crassus sputigenus Krei- 

 bohm, B. buccalis muciferens Miller, the bacillus of sputum septicaemia Miller, 

 the granuloma bacillus (Small and Julianelle 1923), Bacterium mucogenum (Edwards, 

 R. T. 1905), B. capsulatus (Wright and Mallory 1895), and Klebsiella paralytica, 

 an organism isolated by Wallace, Cahn, and Thomas (1933) from a paralytic tick- 

 borne disease of moose. (For references see Fricke 1896, Bamforth 1928.) The 

 ozsena bacillus described by Abel must not be confused with the non-capsulated 

 coccobacillus described by Perez (1899). (See Chapter 19.) 



Habitat. — Friedlander's bacillus appears to lead a parasitic existence. The 

 commonest situation in which it is found is the respiratory tract of man. It is 

 an occasional inhabitant of the nasopharynx ; it is found in diseased conditions 

 of the nose, such as ozaena and rhinoscleroma ; and it is sometimes present in 

 the lungs in pneumonia, influenza, bronchitis, bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, and 



I ' 

 I 



* 





s 



Fig. 142. — Friedlander's Bacillus. Fig. 143. — Friedlander's Bacillus. 



From an agar culture, 24 hours, 37° C, Surface colony of mucoid type on agar, 24 

 showing capsules ( X 1000). hours, 37° C. ( X 8). 



other diseases. It has been isolated from a large number of suppurative con- 

 ditions in different parts of the body, such as pleurisy, appendicitis, cystitis, pyelo- 

 nephritis, ulcerative endocarditis, endometritis, brain abscess, and general 

 septicaemia (Perkins 1904), and was found by Dudgeon (1926) in 5-5 per cent, of 

 faeces examined from normal and abnormal conditions. 



Morphology. — In the body the organism generally takes the form of short, 

 ovoid, diplobacilli, surrounded by large capsules, looking not unlike pneumococci. 

 In culture it is pleomorphic. The usual form is a short, straight, thick rod, about 

 1-2 // long and 0-8 fx wide, with parallel or bulging sides, and rounded or slightly 

 pointed ends. The bacilli are usually in pairs end-to-end, or arranged singly. 

 Besides this form there are several others of most varied appearance — thick curved 

 sausage forms, clubbed forms, long sinuous filamentous forms, long straight rods- 

 staining regularly or irregularly. In most strains the organisms are surrounded 

 by a capsule, apparent in cultures, which can be demonstrated by Gram's stain, 

 or by any of the ordinary capsule stains. In some strains, however, the organisms, 

 instead of being individually capsulated, are embedded in an interstitial mucoid 



