DESCRIPTION OF THE DIFFERENT SPECIES, GROUP B 727 



duction. Occasional strains fail to form gas. By growth in immune serum an artificial 

 second phase containing the 1, 5 antigens, and an artificial third phase containing antigen 

 Zji, have been demonstrated by Bruner and Edwards (1941a). 



GROUP B. 



Salm. paratyphi B A.F. [I], IV, [V], XII ... b ^-> 1, 2 . . . 



Isolated from cases of enteric fever in man (Achard and Bensaude 1896, Schottmiiller 

 1900, 1901). The I antigen is present only in some strains. The V antigen is generally 

 present, but may be missing, particularly in strains from carriers (Kauflfmann 1934c) ; 

 such strams have been named Salm. paratyphi B var. odense. Strains in which the non- 

 specific phase is missing are sometimes referred to as Salm. paratyphi B Y&v.java. Causes 

 enteric fever in man, and sometimes an acute, but mUd, enteritis. The strains causing 

 enteric fever form a mucoid wall and do not ferment (^-tartrate ; the strains causing 

 simple enteritis do not form a mucoid wall but do ferment rf-tartrate. The Java variety 

 is distinguished by its inabihty to ferment i-tartrate ; it appears to be unusually common 

 in Panama (Edwards and Bruner 1943). By means of suitable bacteriophages several 

 sub -types have been distinguished by Fehx and Callow (1943). Kristensen and Bojlen 

 (1929) have described a number of fermentative sub-types based on the use of rhamnose 

 and inositol. May rarely fail to form gas. Salm. paratyphi B is mainly a human pathogen, 

 but its isolation has occasionally been recorded from the mesenteric nodes of normal 

 pigs (Hormaeche and Salsamendi 1936, 1939), from animals slaughtered for human con- 

 sumption (Bartel 1938), and from chickens (Edwards and Bruner 1943). 



An organism, described by Gard (1938) as a new Salmonella type under the name 

 of dSfl^m. a6or/MS-cawis, with the antigenic formula IV, V, XII . . . h < — >■ z,, Zg, is regarded 

 by Kauffmann (1941) not as a true type, but as an artificial variant of Salm. paratyphi B. 



Salm. abony A.F. [Ij, IV, V, XII ... b ^-^ e, n, x . . . 



Isolated from the faeces of normal persons by Rauss in Budapest, and described by 

 Kauff"mann (1940a). Is distinguished from Salm. abortus-hovis by absence of the XXVII 

 antigen, by its fermentation of inositol and of i-tartrate, and by its failure to Uquefy 

 gelatin. Salm. schleissheim., with which it may be confused, contains the XXVII somatic 

 and the Zja flagellar antigen, faUs to ferment dulcitol, inositol, or i-tartrate, and hquefies 

 gelatin. Salm. abony can be distinguished from the c?-tartrate positive strains of Salm. 

 paratyphi B only by the drfierences in its Phase 2 flagellar antigens. Its pathogenicity 

 for man is doubtful. 



Salm. typhi-murium A.F. [I], IV, [V], XII ... i ^^ 1, 2, 3 . . . 



A natural pathogen of rodents, particularly mice, in which it causes a typhoid-like 

 disease (Loeffier 1892). This organism is identical with Bact. aertrycke, which was origin- 

 ally isolated from a case of acute gastro-enteritis (food poisoning) in man (de Nobele 1898). 

 It is under the name of Bact. aertrycke that it appears in almost all the recent and current 

 hterature ; so that this synonym is an important one to remember. It is also identical 

 with B. pestis cavice, described by Wherry (1908) as the cause of an epidemic disease in 

 guinea-pigs, and with the bacillus that Nocard (1893) isolated from a parrot suffering from 

 psittacosis, and named Bact. psittacosis under the mistaken impression that it was the 

 cause of that disease. The same organism is frequently referred to in German literature 

 as the " Breslau bacillus." Strains in which the V antigen is missing are sometimes 

 referred to as the Copenhagen (Kauffmann 1934c) or the storrs (Edwards 1935) variety ; 

 this type is common in American pigeons. Those in which the non-specific phase alone 

 can be demonstrated are sometimes referred to as the binns variety (Schiitze 1920) ; it 

 should be noted, however, that by growth of the binns variety in the presence of group 

 serum, Bruner and Edwards (1939) were able to demonstrate the existence of a specific 

 phase in all strains. It shares its H antigens with Salm. aberdeen. Numerous fermentative 

 sub-tjrpes have been described. In Europe strains from ducks and chickens usually fail 

 to ferment rhamnose, inositol, (^-tartrate, or citrate, but non-rhamnose-fermenting strains 



