730 SALMONELLA 



Sal in. abortus-equi A.F. IV, XII ... — , e, n, x . . . 



Isolated by Kilborne (1893) from a case of abortion in a mare. Has since been isolated 

 or studied by Smith (1893), de Jong (1913), Meyer and Boerner (1913), Good and Corbett 

 (1913), van Heelsbergen (1914), Murray (1919), and Fitch and Billings (1920). For 

 antigenic structure see White (1926) and Kauffmann (1931, 1934a). Phase 2 contains 

 antigens z^g and z^j in addition to e, n, x. Edwards and Bruner (1939) have been able 

 by growth of Salm. abortus-equi in the presence of suitable immune sera, to induce two 

 artificial phase variations : one, referred to as Phase 1, containing the a antigen of Salm. 

 paratyphi A ; the other, referred to as Phase 3, containing an antigen Zg which was similar 

 to, though not identical with, a similar antigen in the artificially induced phase of Salm. 

 schleissheim. It should be pointed out, however, that neither Phase 1 nor 3 has been 

 met with under natural conditions. Occasional strains fail to form gas. Salm. abortus-equi 

 is a natural pathogen of the horse, causing abortion in mares. It is not known to have 

 caused infection in man. 



Salm. abortus-ovis A.F. IV, XII . . . c < — > 1,6... 



Isolated by Schermer and Ehrlieh (1921) from cases of abortion in sheep. For antigenic 

 structure see Lovell (1931) and Kauffmann (1931, 1934a). Compared with most other 

 organisms of the Salmonella group, this organism grows poorly. Many of the usual sugar 

 reactions are negative, late, or irregular. Not known to infect man or any animal other 

 than the sheep. 



Salm. arechavaleta A.F. IV, [V], XII ... a <-^ 1, 7 . . . 



Described by Hormaeche and Peluflfo (see Kauffmann 1941). Has been found in the 

 Panama Canal zone in patients suffering from gastro-enteritis. Found once since in a 

 case of gastro-enteritis (Edwards and Bruner 1943). 



Salm. altendorf A.F. IV, XII . . . c ^-> 1, 7 . . . 



Isolated by Hohn (1940) from the faeces of a woman suffering from severe febrile 

 diarrhoea. 



Salm. abortus-bovls A.F. [I], IV, XII, XXVII . . . b ^^ e, n, x . . . 



Isolated by Bernard (1935-36) from the lymph nodes and viscera of two cows that 

 had aborted, and from the faeces of another cow and a bull. Studied by Kauffmann 

 (19376) ; (see also Kauffmann 1941). Only part of the XII antigen is present. Phase 2 

 also contains Zjg. For differentiation from Salm,. ahony see above. Like Salm. schleissheim, 

 it liquefies gelatin, but is distinguished from it by its absence of z^j i^ Phase 1, by its 

 possession of a second phase, and by its fermentation of dulcitol. Has been isolated in 

 Hungary from the faeces of a patient with a mild typhoid-like fever. The strain from this 

 source was in Phase 2, and some of the colonies lacked the I antigen (Rauss 1941). 



Salm. schwartzengrund A.F. I, IV, XXVII, XII ... d ^-^ 1, 7 . . . 



Salm. bredeney A.F. I, IV, [XXVII], (XII) . . . 1, v ^^ 1,7... 



Isolated in Germany from a case of diarrhoea and vomiting, and from a patient suffering 

 from osteomyelitis of the leg. Studied by Kaiiffmann (1937a). Has since been found 

 in Uruguay by Hormaeche, Peluffo and Aleppo (1940) in cases of infantile diarrhoea, and 

 by Hormaeche and Salsamendi (1939) in the mesenteric nodes of normal pigs. Found 

 also in the United States in turkeys by Edwards (1939), in the mesenteric lymph nodes 

 of pigs by Rubin, Scherago and Weaver (1942) and in retail meat by Cherry, Scherago 

 and Weaver (1943). Isolated in Great Britain from imported American spray-dried 

 egg. Is non-pathogenic to mice by the mouth. 



Salm. schleissheim A.F. IV, XXVII, XII .. . b, Zj, . . . — . 



Isolated from the viscera of a bovine animal in Germany. Studied by Kauffmann 

 and Tesdal (1937-38). Contains part of the XII antigen. The b antigen is not quite 

 identical with the b antigen of Salm. paratyphi B. An artificial second phase, Zj, may 

 be demonstrated by culturing in immune serum containing the antibody to b antigen. 

 Liquefies gelatin. For differentiation from Salm. abortus-bovis see above. Is apparently 



