DESCRIPTION OF THE DIFFERENT SPECIES, GROUP D 735 



from a human source in Massachusetts (Bornstein and Saphra 1942). For the nature 

 of the d antigen, see Scdm. Oregon. 



Salm. narashino A.F. VIj, VIII ... a < — > e, n, x . . . 



According to Kauffmann (1941) this organism was isolated in 1937 from the blood 

 and faeces of a patient with a typhoid-like disease in Japan, and its antigenic structure 

 was determined by Nakaguro and Yamashita. Phase 2 contains also z^g and z^g. 



Salm. glostrup A.F. VI^, VIII . . . z^q < — > e, n, z^j . . . 



Isolated by Kauffmami and Henningsen (1939) from the faeces of patients in a family 

 outbreak of gastro-enteritis, and from the faeces and blood of their dog, which was ill at 

 the same time. Phase 2 contains also z^, and z^g. Non-pathogenic to mice by the mouth. 



Salm. litchfield A.F. VI^, VIII . . . 1, v ^-» 1, 2, 3 . . . 



Isolated from the liver of a turkey poult in the United States. Described by Edwards 

 and Bruner (19406). A strain isolated many years previously from a case of food poisoning 

 in man was later found to belong to this type. Also isolated from American spray-dried 

 egg in Great Britain. 



Salm. duesseldorf A.F. VI^, VIII . . . z^, Zji — . 



Isolated in Germany from two patients in hospital — a boy of 3 years, and a man of 

 40 years, who died (Hohn 1940). 



Salm. bonariensis A.F. VIj, VIII . . . i < — > e, n, x . . . 



Isolated from the mesenteric gland of a normal pig (Monteverde 1942). Since met 

 with in a normal human carrier (Edwards and Bruner 1943). Antigenic structure not 

 yet completely worked out. 



Salm. Virginia A.F. VIII . . . d — . 



Studied by Seligmann and Saphra (see Edwards 1945). 



Salm. amherstiana A.F. (VIII), 1, (v) . . . <-- > 1, 6 . . . 



Isolated from the liver of one of a group of poults affected with a fatal disease. This 

 is the only known salmonella to contain the VIII antigen alone, and even this is incomplete. 

 It is perhaps doubtful whether it should be included in Group C. Described by Edwards 

 and Bruner (19426). 



GROUP D. 



Salm. typhi A.F. IX, XII .. . [Vi], d — . 



The cause of typhoid fever in man. Its general characters have been referred to 

 in previous sections. The great majority of freshly isolated strains contain the Vi antigen. 

 The d antigen contains the partial antigens d and dj. Dwarf colonies, containing the O 

 but not the H or Vi antigens, may occur. Artificial phase variation may follow growth 

 in the presence of a d antiserum, the d antigen being replaced by j (Kauffmami 1936c) ; 

 the new phase is referred to as Phase 3. Though many strains of Salm. typhi-suis, Salm. 

 sendai and Salm. gallinarum fail to produce gas from glucose, Salm. typhi is unique among 

 the Salmonella group in never forming gas. Sub-types based on the presence or absence 

 of fermentation of xylose, arabinose, d-tartrate, and sodium citrate have been described, 

 but for epidemiological purposes the method of bacteriophage typing is of greater useful- 

 ness. Does not appear to infect animals under natural conditions. (For properties of 

 Vi antigen see p. 1525 and a short review by Almon 1943). 



Salm. enteritidis A.F. [I], IX, XII . . . g, m . . . — . 



Referred to sometimes as the gdrtner or jena variety. Isolated from the spleen of 

 a fatal case of food poisoning, which affected 58 persons at Frankenhausen who had eaten 

 the flesh of an emergency-slaughtered cow (Gaertner 1888). Since isolated from numerous 

 sporadic cases and outbreaks of food poisoning in different parts of the world (see White 

 1926, 1930, Kauffmann 19306, 1931, 1934a, Warren and Scott 1930, Boecker and Silber- 

 stein 1932, Boecker 1936). The full formula of the flagellar antigen is g, o, m, z^, Zj. 



