CLOSTRIDIUM (EDEMATIENS 881 



muscular paralysis, dilatation of the pupils, shallow breathing, intense salivation, 

 prostration and death. The toxin is the most powerful known, and may kill a 

 mouse in a dose of 000001 ml. 



(See Kempner 1897, v. Hibler 1908, Leuchs 1910, Dickson 1918, Weinberg and 

 Seguin 1918, Burke 1919a, h, Graham and Brueckner 1919, Report 1919, Shippen 

 1919, Edmonson et al. 1920, Orr 1920, 1922, Bengtson 1921, 1922a, b, 1923, 1924a, Nevin 

 1921, Weiss 1921, Coleman 1922, 1923, Coleman and Meyer 1922, Dubovsky and Meyer 

 1922a, h, Esty and Meyer 1922, Hall 1922, Meyer and Dubovsky 1922a, b, c, Schoenholz 

 and Meyer 1922, 1924, Seddon 1922, Tanner and Dack 1922, Graham and Boughton 

 1923a, b, Hall and Davis 1923, Starin and Dack 1923, 1924, 1925, Dozier 1924, 

 Easton and Meyer 1924, Pfenninger 1924, Starin 1924, Wagner 1924, Wheeler and 

 Humphreys 1924. Dickson et al. 1925, Tanner and Twohey 1926, Theiler et al. 1926, 

 Weinberg and Ginsbourg 1927, Theiler 1928, Schoenholz 1928, Stark, Sherman, and Stark 

 1928, Robinson 1929, Graham and Thorp 1929, Lommel and Gunnison 1929, Kerrin 1930, 

 Gunnison and Meyer 1930, Sommer and Sommer 1932, Gunnison and Coleman 1932, Fildes 

 1935, Gunnison, Cummings and Meyer 1936-37, Hazen 1937, 1942). 



Clostridium oedematiens 



Isolation. — Described by Weinberg and Seguin in 1915. 



Synonyms. — Probably identical with Novy's B. oedematis maligni II, or CI. novyi I (Novy 

 1894), Zeissler and Raszfeld's (1929) B. gigas, and Kraneveld's (1930) bacillus of 

 osteomyelitis baciUosa bubalorum. Scott, Turner and Vawter (1933) propose the 

 terms Type A, B and C for the classical CI. oedematiens, B. gigas and Kranefeld's 

 bacillus respectively. 



Habitat. — Soil. 



Morphology. — Rod-shaped, 3-10^ X 0-8-1-0//, not unlike CI. ivelchii, but longer ; Types B 

 and C strains may be as large as 4-20 /< X 1-2 /t ; sides parallel ; ends rounded ; 

 axis straight or curved ; arranged singly, in pairs or chains ; jointed filaments 

 not uncommon. Spores formed freely in all media ; they are large, oval and 

 subterminal, generally free. Motile by 20 or more peritrichate flagella ; but 

 motility is observed only under 



strictly anaerobic conditions. No ^, f %,^ 



capsule. Gram-positive in young 

 cultures. 



\ 



I 



sr 



*^- ^ 



199. — Clostridium oedema- ""^ 



tiens. Fig. 200. — CI. cedematiens. 



Surface colony on agar anaerobi- From a surface agar culture anaerobically 

 cally, 2 days, 37° C. ( X 8). 2 days, 37° C. ( X 1000). 



Agar Plate.— A: days at 37° C. Irregularly round colonies, 2-3 mm. in diameter, effuse, 

 filamentous or curled, gh.stening, translucent with finely sponge-like surface and 



