NOTES ON LESS IMPORTANT STBAIN3 891 



colonies round and transparent, later flat and lobate ; deep colonies lenticular. Uniform 

 turbidity in broth, and later, granular, then mucoid deposit. Ferments glucose, maltose, 

 lactose, saccharose and salicin, but not mannitol. Litmus milk unchanged. Coagulated 

 serum and gelatin not Uquefied. Indole — . Produces a soluble exotoxin. Pathogenic 

 to mice, white rats and rabbits, with production of an oedematous and congested local 

 lesion. 



CI. cochlearium. — -Described by Mcintosh (1917) as Type III C, and named B. cochlearis 

 by Douglas, Fleming and Colebrook (1920) on account of its likeness to a spoon. Its 

 claim to the rank of a species confirmed by MacLennan (1939). Slender rod. Gram-positive 

 only in young cultures, 3-5 [x X 0-5-0-6 //, actively motile by peritrichate flagella. Spores 

 formed late and in small numbers ; are oval, terminal and twice the width of the bacillus. 

 Surface colonies are translucent, round, with delicately crenated edge ; deep colonies 

 are lenticular, and may develop polar tufts of growth. Non-hsemolytic, non-saccharolytic, 

 non-proteolytic. Coagulated serum and gelatin not Uquefied. NH3 — ; indole — ; 

 V.P. — , M.R. — ; M.B. reductase — ; catalase — ; HgS +. AntigenicaUy homogeneous. 

 Non-pathogenic to guinea-pigs. 



CI. difficile.— Described by Hall and O'Toole (1935) and Snyder (1937). Isolated 

 from the faeces of normal infants. Strictly anaerobic, large Gram-positive rod with sub- 

 terminal elongated spores of about the same width as the bacUlus. Colonies irregular, 

 flat, rough and non-hsemolytic. Ferments glucose, Isevulose, xylose, saUcin, mannose 

 and mannitol. Does not ferment galactose, lactose, saccharose, raflfinose, inulin or glycerol. 

 H2S ± ; Indole — ; coagulated serum not Uquefied ; late liquefaction of gelatin by a 

 few strains. Some strains produce a filtrable, thermolabile, antitoxinogenic toxin which 

 induces local oedema and convulsions in guinea-pigs. The toxin is lethal on injection 

 into the cat, dog, rat, guinea-pig, rabbit and pigeon, but has no efi"ect by mouth in the 

 rat, guinea-pig and dog. The bacteria are antigenically heterogeneous, the toxin appar- 

 ently antigenically homogeneous. 



CI. fallax was found by Weinberg and Seguin (1918) in infected wounds and gas gangrene. 

 It is a motile. Gram-positive bacillus, 1-2-5 fx x 0-6 {j, in diameter, with rounded ends, 

 straight axis, arranged singly. Spores, which are rarely formed, are subterminal or 

 central, oval and wider than the bacillus. Surface colonies round and transparent, later 

 raised, irregular and more opaque ; deep colonies lenticular, irregular or bean-shaped. 

 Uniform turbidity in broth, later granular, then mucoid, deposit. Ferments glucose, 

 maltose, lactose, saccharose and salicin ; mannitol fermentation variously reported. 

 Litmus milk, coagulation in 7 days. Coagulated serum and gelatin not Uquefied. 

 Indole — ; (see Duffett 1935). Produces a soluble toxin. When freshly isolated, is 

 pathogenic for mice and guinea-pigs. 



CI. hastiforme isolated by Cunningham (1930-31, 1931) and by MacLennan (1939), 

 who accorded it the rank of a species. A Gram-positive rod, 2-6 fi X 0-3-0-6 n, sluggishly 

 motile by peritrichate flagella. Readily produces oval subterminal spores which, together 

 with a minute terminal tip of bacfllary protoplasm, constitute the spear-head shape from 

 which the organism is named. Surface colonies are non-hsemolytic, minute, transparent 

 and round, later becoming irregular ; deep colonies round and coarsely filamentous. 

 Gelatin Uquefied 7-10 days ; coagulated serum not Uquefied. Non-saccharolytic. H2S — ; 

 Indole — ; NH3 — . AntigenicaUy homogeneous. Hay ward (personal communication) 

 has met with strains resembling Gl. hastiforme which are hsemolytic on horse blood agar. 



CI. haemoIyticum.^Described by Vawter and Records (1926, 1931) as the cause of 

 red-water disease or bacfllary hsemoglobinuria of cattle in the United States, and by 

 SordeUi, Ferrari, and Prado (1930) in South America. Named B. hcemolyticus by HaU 

 (19296). It is a fairly large baciUus, 30-5-6 //, X 1-0-1 -3 fi, occurring individuaUy, in 

 pairs, and occasionaUy in short chains. Spores are oval, terminal or subterminal. Slug- 

 gishly motile by 6-16 peritrichate flageUa. Gram-positive in young cultures. Deep 

 colonies in agar are at first lenticular, later fluffy. Gelatin is Uquefied, but otherwise no 



