904 MISCELLANEOUS BACTERIA 



appear to be essential. Jimenez (1940), for example, states that good growth was obtained 

 on 1 per cent, glycerol infusion agar provided the X, though not the V, factor (see Chapter 

 33) was added. On sohd media growth may occur in 4-5 days, either as minute, circular, 

 clear, mucoid colonies, or as an opaque, finely granular, mucoid film that has a tendency 

 to outgrow the original boundaries of the inoculum (Jimenez 1940). The organism is 

 aerobic, grows well at 25-37° C, though best at about 25-28'' C, prefers a pH of 7-8, 

 and survives in cultures for 1 to 4 months. Pinkerton and Weinman (1937) found that 

 in tissue cultures the organisms, unlike Rickettsia, grew extracellularly as well as intra- 

 cellularly. Growth occurs also in the allantoic fluid of the developing chick embryo 

 incubated at 25°-28° C, but this medium is unsuitable for serial cultivation (Jimenez 



and Buddingh 1940). Injected intra- 



a ^& .^,^1^ venously into young r/iesMS monkeys the 



^^'ljlJ^ IfiOH^^^ organism gives rise to a peculiar, irregu- 



^ %^ *^^*^«« larly remittent type of fever, sometimes 



accompanied by severe anaemia; in- 

 jected intradermally into the eyebrow, 

 it gives rise to a nodule rich in cellular 

 elements and capillary formation. (For 

 further description see Noguchi 1926, 





W^Jb ^^^ ^ ^^^m^^'S further description see Nogi 



' i^ ^ t"^- J mH^^ Kikuth 1931, Pittaluga 1938 



^^ . ** aTy^ %» if' blood cells of rats experimentally in 



Bartonella muris. 



This organism was first described 

 by Mayer (1921), who found it in the 



1|^ • ' * ji*. ^4 fected with trypanosomes. Morjjho- 



'. ■ . ^ "t^ , ^'^ -* V ' logically it closely resembles Bartonella 



^ \Jt ' ''*^ hacilliformis. It is actively motile in 



"■**■ culture media, and flagella have been 



Fig. 213. — Bartonella muris. demonstrated. On blood agar minute 



Organisms in red blood cells of rat ( x 1000). colonies appear in 48 hours, and gradu- 



[From specimen kindly supplied by the late ally increase in size till after a few days 



Professor J. G. Thomson.] they coalesce to form a thin, filmy, 



tenacious growth on the surface of the 

 medium. The blood is not hsemolysed. Cultures on solid media have a sweet odour 

 resembhng canned pineapple. The optimum temperature for growth is 25° C. In infected 

 blood the organisms are destroyed by exposure to a temperature of 57° C. for 30 

 minutes (Ford and EHot 1928), but remain virulent in the frozen state for at least 11 weeks 

 (Kessler 1942). Pure cultures inoculated into splenectomized rats give rise to anaemia 

 (see Chapter 79). The organism is fairly common in rats, causing an infection which 

 normally remains latent, but which can be activated by splenectomy, by poisons such 

 as toluylenediamine, and by certain infections (for general description see Lauda and 

 Marcus 1928, Marmorston-Gottesman and Perla 1932, Kikuth 1931. 1934). 



Bartonella canis. 



A similar organism has been described under this name by Kikuth (1928), which 

 is responsible for infectious anaemia of dogs. In the red cells the organisms are very pleo- 

 morphic, large and small, coccoid and rod-shaped forms being seen. Kikuth was unsuc- 

 cessful in cultivating them on artificial media. (See Itikuth 1929, Perard 1929, Lwoff and 

 Provost 1929, Regendanz and Reichenow 1932, and Chapter 79.) 



Besides the species already mentioned, Bartonella has been found infecting various 

 rodents in different parts of the world, monkeys and some other mammals in America, 

 and cattle in Algeria and Palestine (see Pittaluga 1938). Whether these organisms deserve 

 specific rank or not nmst await further stixd3% 



