THE ORGANISM OF PLEUROPNEUMONIA 943 



able. The filaments stain very poorly with Giemsa. (c) Stage of ramification. 

 During the process of streaming, areas of protoplasmic condensation appear 

 at various points in the filament, and form the starting-point for the outgrowth 

 of fresh filaments. A tangled branching mycelium is the result (Fig. 228). In 

 older strains this stage is lacking, (d) Stage of chain formation. In this stage the 

 streaming protoplasm condenses rapidly at multiple points, so that the filament 

 takes on a streptococcal appearance (Fig. 229). (e) Stage of disintegration. The 

 chains break up, and set free a multitude of granular and coccoid forms, thus com- 

 pleting the cycle of development. In old cultures, in which the filamentous stage 

 is lacking, the buds in the second stage become detached from the parent body, and 

 either grow out again into spheroids which themselves start budding, or remain 

 in the granular phase. 



It will be seen that reproduction occurs partly by budding, and partly by 

 fragmentation. Turner (1935) has described no fewer than five different methods 

 of reproduction, and the reader who is interested will do well to refer to his beauti- 

 fully illustrated paper. Again, reference must be made to Ledingham (1933) and 



Fig. 230. — Organism of PLExraoPNEUMONiA. 

 Diagrammatic representation of developmental cycle according to Ledingham (1933), 

 Klieneberger (1934), Turner (1935), and Tang and his colleagues (1936). Outer circle represents 

 freshly isolated strain forming filaments. Inner circle represents old laboratory strain not 

 forming filaments. 



E, Elementary bodies, granules, or conidioids. 

 Sj. Spheroid. 



Sj. Bipolar germination of spheroid. 



S3. Spheroid with buds still attached to it by very short filaments — drum-stick appearance. 

 Fj. Long filament growing out from spheroid. 

 Fj, Filament showing ramification. 

 Fj. Filament showing protoplasmic condensation, preparatory to liberation of condensed 



particles as elementary bodies. 

 B. Buds detached from spheroid, and becoming elementary bodies. 



Klieneberger (1934) for the mode of origin of the vibrionic forms, chromatic nodes, 

 large oval swollen bodies, and other elements that are seen in preparations from 

 colonies on solid media, and to Tang and his colleagues (1936) for a description of 

 the apparently rare amoeboid and giant ring forms. Fig. 230 represents diagram- 

 matically the apparent sequence of development. 



(6) By Newer Methods of Exam,ination. — The picture obtained by the newer 

 methods of examination, referred to on p. 941, is much simpler. Following 

 Klieneberger and Smiles (1942), we may describe two methods of multiplication : 



