14 BRAINS OF RATS AND MEN 



functions of the brain parallel with his own lectures 

 on psychology. "Young man/' he said, "the brain 

 has no more to do with thinking than the cabbage 

 heads in my garden." I suppressed the obvious 

 retort, that perhaps that is true of some brains — and 

 I gave the course to my students of biology before 

 they reached the president's lectures on psychology. 



The other extreme is represented by the radical 

 behaviorists who have developed a so-called "objec- 

 tive psychology." Pushing the mechanistic physi- 

 ology to its limit, they maintain that, since every- 

 thing that the body does is the sum of the functions 

 of its organs and since these functions are all con- 

 nected in causally determined chains, we need to 

 study only objective behavior and its mechanisms to 

 gain a complete knowledge of man. Subjective ex- 

 perience does not seem to fit into this simplified 

 scheme of things and so, it is argued, it can be neglect- 

 ed in a scientific analysis of human life. One ardent 

 member of this school says that the term "emotion" 

 should be dropped from our vocabulary, for all that 

 we mean by the word is visceral behavior. 



Thus the entire brain becomes a reflex machine, 

 and (as Canon Kingsleyasks in that inimitable biologi- 

 cal classic. The Water Babies) what, then, would be- 

 come of the faith, hope, and charity of immortal 

 millions? 



Since behavior (according to this school) is all of 

 \\{^ that we can study and evaluate scientifically, the 



