THE FRONTAL LOBES 233 



1924). Tilney and Riley (1923, p. 909) cite the 

 famous "crowbar case" of Phineas P. Gage as illus- 

 trative of the type of emotional disturbance which 

 follows frontal-lobe injury. Many similar cases have 

 since been reported. 



If the emotional disturbance is especially related 

 with the extreme prefrontal field, as suggested above, 

 this symptom would not be expected to be accentu- 

 ated following lesions of the frontal pole in infrahu- 

 man species, and in fact Franz (1907) did not observe 

 it in cats and monkeys after injuries of this region. 

 Bianchi (1922, p. 185), however, does report modi- 

 fications of emotional behavior in monkeys whose 

 frontal lobes were injured. Stone (1925) made a 

 special search for modifications of sexual behavior, 

 which presumably nas high affective components, 

 after injuries of the frontal and parietal cortex of 

 male rabbits, with negative results.^ 



^ A more surprising result is that "the loss of the olfactory bulbs 

 either in the young or the adult has no serious effects on his ability to 

 enter into sexual activity." 



