296 BRAINS OF RATS AND MEN 



necessarily "of" anything else. It is one of the func- 

 tions of a structure in action, and as such it is as 

 unique and "primary" as is any other function of a 

 specific structure. The "explanation" of the col- 

 ligation of this particular function with this very 

 specific structure must await the further scientific 

 analysis of the structure-function relationship in gen- 

 eral, of that of material and its properties, of the 

 matter-energy relationship. 



No knowledge of structure as such ever gives us 

 directly the data from which we can predict its prop- 

 erties or modes of action. This latter comes only by 

 real experience of that action, as has been repeatedly 

 pointed out. "Analysis of structure reveals no reason 

 for behavior and the intelligibility of structure resides 

 in the fact that ends are reached by behaving" 

 (Woodbridge, 1925, p. 409). It is true that, having de- 

 termined empirically that certain structures and cer- 

 tain kinds of behavior are colligated, we can go on 

 and predict the probable functions (or properties) of 

 other combinations of these structural units, as every 

 inventor demonstrates. But any analysis of these 

 structure-function relationships quickly leads us back 

 to the crude empirical data. 



Conversely, the observed behavior as such does 

 not directly give us knowledge of the structure which 

 is behaving. The ends reached may be arrived at by 

 a variety of roads which do not necessarily run 

 parallel. The passengers who arrive at a destination 



