Suhfamilies, Genera, and Subgenera — Recent and Fossil 163 



placed at the upper end of the rounded enlargement of the penial gland 

 duct. The right pilaster is attached to the gland at its upper end, curving 

 toward the gland beneath the gland duct. 



There is a thick ring or diaphragm (D) which separates the cavity 

 of the preputium from the vergic cavity. This diaphragm has a circular 

 canal into which the upper end of the penial gland duct, which is greatly 

 diminished in diameter, enters. This feature is shown in fig. 10. The verge 

 (V) is narrowly pyriform, tapering to a point at its lower end. The sperm 

 canal extends through the center of the verge and has a central outlet 

 (fig. 121. A large nerve and blood vessel supply the penial complex (fig. 8). 



Female Organs (fig. 3). The spermatheca (S) is large and egg-shaped, 

 almost globular. It is connected with the short, narrow vagina (VG) by 

 a narrow duct shorter than the length of the spermatheca (SD). The 

 uterus (U) is narrow as it passes upward from the vagina but increases 

 abruptly in diameter to three times the width of that region, combining 

 with the nidamental gland. This region is concealed by the prostate in 

 fig. 3. The oviduct (OD) contracts in diameter to form a sac-like organ 

 of small diameter. There is a large carrefour (CF). The albumen gland 

 (AD is 4 mm. long and is longer than wide. The duct of this gland is 

 long (0.5 mm.). 



Hermaphrodite Organs. The ovotestis (OT) is long and sac-like and 

 is composed of several club-shaped diverticula. A section near the middle of 

 the ovotestis (fig. 5) shows eight rather long diverticula, the longest follicles 

 being in the center. A section near the posterior end (fig. 6) shows six 

 diverticula in less fan-like pattern. Sections from the middle to the anterior 

 end show eight diverticula all in fan-shaped pattern, but sections made 

 toward the posterior end show but six diverticula which are more or less 

 irregularly arranged. The ovisperm duct is very short in the portion be- 

 tween the ovotestis and the seminal vesicle. The free portion near the 

 oviduct is somewhat longer. The seminal vesicle (SV) occupies about two- 

 thirds of the length of the ovisperm duct. 



The genitalia of Parapholijx effusa diagonaUs Henderson, also dis- 

 sected, do not differ from the figures and descriptions herein presented. 



In 1870, Dall dissected Pompholyx soUda and published descrii-)tions 

 and several figures of the genitalia. These are not in sufficient detail and 

 embrace some errors, such as the presence of a distinct testicle on the male 

 system. This might have been the albumen gland. As far as can be seen, 

 the anatomy of solida is similar to that of the species personally examined 

 and herein figured. 



Respiratory and Renal Systems. The pseudobranch (fig. 2) is a tri- 

 angular appendage extending from the rectal region. There is a distinct 

 ridge extending over the rectum in a broad curve, ending above the anus. 



The kidney (plate 46, fig. 1) is short and wide (about 3 mm. long and 

 1 mm. wide) ; the ureter is large and sharply refiexed. directed upward into 

 the mantle cavity. The pericardium is also large (about 1 mm. long). A 

 cross section of the kidney near the middle (fig. 2) shows a much flattened 

 form with a wide lumen, the veins ovate and flattened, and placed at the 

 lower lateral sides of the lumen. There is no ridge and the section re- 

 sembles that of Carinifex. 



Digestive System. The stomach is like that of Carinifex and essen- 

 tially as described by Dall for Pompholyx solida. The oesophagus is short 



