Suhfaniilies, Genera, and Subgenera — Recent and Fossil 165 



species is known, Parapholy.v packardi Hanna, from Warner Lake deposits 

 in eastern Oregon. 



Remarks. Parapholyx is a very distinct genus both in shell and anat- 

 omy. The shell is depressed and almost neritaeform. The anatomy is pe- 

 culiar in several respects. The prostate is not composed of distinct club- 

 shaped diverticula, but of small gland-like bodies arranged like a string 

 of sausages. The penial gland is not a short, cup-shaped organ, as in 

 Carinifex, but an elongated, pipe-shaped body with a cup-like termination, 

 with a long duct passing through the center of the longitudinal, sac-like 

 'stem' of the gland. The termination of the duct is swollen and bulb-like, 

 expanding in the bottom of the })enial gland cup. The penial gland duct 

 is external as in Carinifex, but it is somewhat longer and of greater di- 

 ameter. The jaw' is like that of Helisoma and is not fragmented like that 

 of Carinifex. The genus stands out as one of the most distinct among 

 American planorbids. 



In 1866, Dall instituted a subfamily Pompholiginae for Fomphoh/x 

 effusa, basing the separation on the supposition that there were two pairs 

 of eyes, one at the inner base of the tentacles and one at the end of the 

 tentacles. The fact of this peculiar condition was positively stated by 

 Mr. William ]\I. Gabb, who made drawings of the animal. Dr. J. E. Gray 

 ( 1868, p. 387) questioned this statement. In 1870, Dall obtained specimens 

 of a Fompholyx iFarapholyx) different specifically from the known species, 

 which he called solida. An examination of the tentacles of this species at 

 once cleared up the anomaly of the four eyes, the supposed eyes on the 

 end of the tentacles being simply an aggregation of pigment. Only one 

 pair of eyes is present, at the inner base of the tentacles, as is the case in 

 other species of Planorbidae. 



Dall still retained the subfamily Pompholiginae (1870, p. 352) although 

 the chief reason for its adoption, the four eyes, had been found to be 

 invalid. The subfamilv has been used bv most writers on fresh-water Mol- 

 lusca, including Fischer (1883, p. 507), Trvon (1884, p. 105), Walker 

 (1918, p. 14), Germain (1922, p. 185), Henderson (1929, p. 143), and 

 Chamberlin and Jones (1929, p. 155). Hannibal (1912, p. 161) elevated 

 it to family status as Pomplioligidae. Dall has also used the name Pompho- 

 liginae for a section of the marine genus Divaricella (Proc. U. S. Nat. INIus., 

 XXIII, p. 814, 1901). 



The study of the animals of Carinifex and Farapholyx shows that they 

 have no general anatomical characteristics not shared by Helisoma and the 

 subfamilv Pompholiginae must therefore be abandoned. This course was 

 indicated by Pilsbry in 1934 (p. 46). In 1936 (Nautilus, L, p. 30), the 

 writer indicated the general anatomical features of Farapholyx, showing its 

 general relationship to Helisoma and Carinifex and stating that the old 

 subfamily Pompholiginae was without anatomical distinction. 



Genus PO^^IPHOLOPSIS Call, 1888 

 Type b}' original designation Pompholopsis tvhitei Call 



1888. Pompholopsis Call, Amer. Geol., I, No. 3, p. 147. Type Pompholopsis whitei 



Call. As genus 

 1935. Pompholopsis J. Hexdersox, Fossil Xon-Marine Moll. N. A., p. 255. Type 



Pompholopsis ichitei Call. As genus 



