184 The MoUuscan Family Planorhidae 



carrefoiir (CF). The albumen gland (fig. 7) is about 1 mm. long and about 

 half as wide as long. The vesicles are relatively large. The position of the 

 albumen gland in relation to the other organs is shown in fig. 9. 



Hermaphrodite Organs. The ovotestis (OT) is composed of rather 

 long, club-shaped diverticula. In section (fig. 5), they are seen to be in 

 pairs, unbranched. The ovisperm duct is not free at any portion of its 

 length, as is the case in cooperi and c. callioglyptus and other members of 

 the Planorbulinae, but is lined with small, rounded vesicles (SO, fig. 1). 



A related, but distinct variety, c. callioglyptus, shows some noteworthy 

 differences (plate 39, fig. 1). The seminal vesicle is twice the diameter of 

 the ovisperm duct but the vesicles are longer and digitiform (SV). This is 

 better shown in a California specimen (fig. 6), where the glands are in 

 groups and branched. Rounded swellings or vesicles extend down the ovi- 

 sperm duct some distance, but do not cover the entire length as in opcrcu- 

 laris. The prostate (PRS) has 15-17 diverticula (see also fig. 13 in plate 38, 

 a British Columbia specimen) . In section, the prostate is similar to that of 

 opercularis (fig. 3, plate 38) or it may be unbranched, as in fig. 14, plate 

 38 (British Columbia specimen). 



The penial complex (plate 38, fig. 11, California specimen) is rather 

 broader than that of opercularis, but the relative length of prcputium and 

 vergic sac is the same. In specimens from British Columbia (plate 38, fig. 

 12; plate 39, fig. 9), there is a decided enlargement at the sunnnit of the 

 vergic sac forming an epiphallus (EPI) as in some land snails. This was 

 only slightly developed in opercularis (plate 38, fig. 10). There are five sets 

 of supporting muscles in a California specimen (plate 38, fig. 11) but a 

 lesser number in a specimen from British Columbia (plate 39, fig. 9). There 

 is but one retractor muscle (RAI). A jicnial complex from a specimen 

 collected in British Columbia, ba(ilv infested with flukes, is shown in fig. 

 10, plate 39. 



Internally (plate 39, fig. 7, Menetus cooperi), the preputium has two 

 large vertical pilasters (PL). There is a large, sac-like penial gland (GL) 

 with a short, narrow, tube-like internal duct (DC) which enters a canal 

 in the muscular ring or diaphragm (D). In section (fig. 8), the gland 

 shows a shallow cup (OC) at the outer end, lined with many vertical folds. 

 A long duct runs through the fleshy part of the gland and connects with 

 the short duct which emerges from the base of the gland. The penial gland 

 of a Californian specimen of cooperi callioglyptus is shown in fig. 5. 

 In this specimen, the gland was bent upward and somewhat contracted. 

 The verge (plate 39, fig. 7, V) of cooperi is wide with thick walls. 

 In section, it shows a large cavity connecting with the enlarged vas 

 deferens (epiphallus) which narrows notably at the entrance of the vas 

 deferens (fig. 7, EPI, VD). The end of the verge is shown in fig. 15, plate 

 38, indicating the centrally located exit of the sperm canal. The natural 

 position of the penial complex beneath the female organs (vagina and 

 uterus) is shown in fig. 3, plate 39. In the female organs, the spermatheca 

 (plate 39, fig. 1, S) is much elongated and sac-like and the duct is narrow, 

 widening somewhat as it enters the vagina. The duct is about as long as the 

 spermatheca. The other organs are similar to those of opercularis. 



Pilsbry (1934, p. 64, fig. 7a) figures the penial complex of Menetus 

 cooperi callioglyptus (Vanatta) and this is similar to the figures in the 



