266 FISHERY INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS 



linoxyn is a cement composed of a heat-treated mixture of specially oxi- 

 dized linseed oil, rosin, and kauri gum. The linoleum ''cement" is pressed 

 onto burlap or other fabric to make a finished product. Bonney and Egge^ 

 report the removal of nonoxidized portions of blown oils to give improved 

 quality to the linoxyn. 



Cotton cloth that has been coated on one side with a drying oil, such 

 as a bodied fish oil, and a filler material make up oil cloth. Solid fats or 

 fatty acids serve as plasticizers to the oil cloth. Usually the finished 

 product is coated with varnish or wax to give it a glossy surface. 



Leather Treatment. The leather industry has consumed considerable 

 quantities of fish oils as fat-liquoring agents and softening agents in the 

 past. Presently, cod oil is the only fish oil being used in any quantity ^^. 

 Studies have suggested that sulfonated menhaden oil may be used in 

 place of cod oil in fat-liquoring leather^^'^"^'^^. Fish oils of medium unsatu- 

 ration with iodine values from 145 to 165 may be used in chamoising of 

 leather^ 



Patent leather can be manufactured in much the same manner as oil 

 cloth from pilchard or similar oils. In this case, a specially prepared 

 leather, rather than cloth, is used as a base. 



Printing Inks. Another application of fish oils is in the manufacture of 

 printing inks. Herring, sardine, menhaden, whale, and pilchard oils are 

 suitable for the formulation of different kinds of printing inks by blending 

 with linseed and other vegetable oils. Since odor is objectionable in some 

 inks, the fish oil used is refined by cold-pressing and possibly by alkah 

 treatment. A British patent describes a means for processing fish oils to 

 produce products similar to those from tung oil. A portion of tung oil in 

 a rapidly drying typographic ink can be replaced by fish oils that have 

 been halogenated in the presence of an activator such as zinc and alumi- 

 num paste^^. Sulfated and sulfonated fish oils are used in inks for photo- 

 gravure processes'*. 



Core Oils. Fish oils have been used in the manufacture of core oils used 

 in foundries for iron and steel castings. Many pilchard oil cores made 

 have been judged satisfactory by practical core makers^. 



Lubricants and Greases. In the field of lubrication, fish oils are used 

 in blended oils, in the manufacture of greases and cutting oils, and in 

 other specialized products. Low temperature lubricating oils, including 

 polymerized fish oils, were studied by Tanaka and coworkers^"*. Synthetic 

 oils produced with a modified fish oil were reported to meet the require- 

 ments of high grade lubricants-''. The high titer of hydrogenated fish oil 

 fatty acids makes them particularly suitable for the kinds of lubricating 

 greases made from aluminum and lithium soaps^^-^. A grease for gear lub- 

 rication can be formulated from a complex of lead and sodium soaps of 



