USES OF INDUSTRIAL FISH OILS 267 



fish oils^^ Sulfurized fish oils compounded with mineral oils can be made 

 to serve well as gear lubricants. Thread cutting oils can be prepared from 

 fish oils, particularly whale oils; however, medium unsaturated fish oils 

 may serve to replace whale oil. Wire-drawing compounds, for the cooling 

 and the lubrication of dies, have also been formulated from fish oils, e.g., 

 sulfonated whale oil'^\ 



Ore Flotation Agents. Fish oils have been used as collecting agents in 

 ore flotation processes, particularly in the early days of froth flotation. 

 Fish oil fatty acids of various degrees of unsaturation have recently been 

 studied in the flotation of iron ores^'^^". Fatty acids of greater than 110 

 iodine value, such as those from fish oils, are powerful and selective col- 

 lectors of calcium-activated quartz and chert, when these materials are 

 floated from iron oxides. 



Insecticidal Compounding. Insecticidal applications involving fish oils 

 have been investigated in certain horticultural sprays^" ■^". Miller ^^ re- 

 ported that injury to foliage as a result of treating walnut trees was 

 almost completely eliminated by the addition of emulsions of salmon oil 

 to the spray. Thomssen and Doner-^^ presented a review of the insecticidal 

 applications of fatty acids, soaps, and glycerides. More recently, reports 

 have been made of insecticidal mixtures using vegetable oils, such as lin- 

 seed oil, where semidrying type fish oils may possibly find application's. 



Fungicidal Derivatives. Unsaturated fatty acids and quaternary ammo- 

 nium salts derived from fish oils are reportedly successful fungicidal 

 agents^^ The oxidation of highly unsaturated fractions from fish oil and 

 unsaturated ethyl esters of fatty acid fractions of menhaden, pilchard, 

 and cod-liver oils was shown to increase their fungicidal activity. The 

 antifungal activity of quaternary ammonium salts prepared from fish oils 

 were about 4000 times stronger than that of oxidized highly unsaturated 

 fatty acid fractions prepared from fish oils. 



Fire Retardants. Chlorinated fish oils have been examined for their fire- 

 retardant properties toward wood. Pieces of wood treated with a chlorin- 

 ated fish oil product failed to generate a flame when heated in an electric 

 furnace-^°'^^'^^ 



Miscellaneous. In addition to the above applications, there are other 

 specialty products from fish oils that are used as extenders and modifiers 

 in rubber compounding, as caulking compounds, putties, brake blocks, 

 cosmetics, and as pharmaceuticals. Other specialties include slushing 

 compounds, wood preservatives, rust inhibitors, and fortifiers of vitamin 

 feeding oils. 



Hydrogenated fish oil fatty acids are reported ingredients in the manu- 

 facture of candles^^. Herring oil is an ingredient in producing artificial 

 protein fibers^ A combination of mixed driers and the polyethylene glycol 



