THE AROH^AX FORMATTOX OF THE ABITKUMA PLATEAU. 937 



oonditioîi ;it the snme time a.^ the other. It is thus a matter (^f 

 œnsiderabJe diffi'-iiltv to decide whicli is the eai-lier ^Tauite. 



When speakiiii)- of tlie line of section at Sliimo-Kawahe (p. 271), it 

 lias been -dready shown that the brownish, .i>'ranulitic gneiss of the Lower 

 Tak^innki series. ;uT'om])anied by a niicp.eeons seliist with plenty (jf 

 g-arnet, has l)een so distiir1)ed in various ways and at numerous points 

 by the intrusion of biotite-granite, as to make one believe that tlie 

 gneiss-complex has been broken up and cemented subsequentlv 

 together by the matrix of that plutonic rock. Generally speakin^-, 

 tlie biotite-granite occurs only in the form of apophvses or of Ijosses 

 within other complexes. On the r)ther hand, the hornblendic variety 

 seems to be present in extensive masses, distiu-bing all the complexes 

 formed ])rior to the period of the Gozaisho series, in such a maniier 

 as if the whole I'akanuki rocks had been swimming on that m-igma. 

 The last-mentioned series, in all observed cases, is geologically separated 

 from the Gozaisho rocks by the interventi(3n of masses of hornblende- 

 gran ite. 



The biotite-granite, as I have already said, intersects the Takanuki 

 series at numerous points, forming sporadic masses a,nd irregularly 

 ramifying dykes ; the relation of the hornblendic variety to the same 

 complex is, however, somewhat different. Near the contact tlie 

 Laurentian granite holds as enclosures sharply anguhu', sub-a.ngular, 

 or somewhat rounded blocks of mica-schists and amphibolites of the 

 Takanuki series. This is well seen (jn the Hanatate pass (A-lî, Pi. 

 XXY). The schistose modification of the same has likewise foreign 

 enclosures of the Takanuki rocks, as more or less attenuated bands 

 drawn out parallel to the foliation of the hornl)lende-granite and 

 confused with it (Fig. 5, PL XXl\). 



These facts, taken in connection with the prevailing shattered 

 character of the Gozaisho, and of the Takanuki strata in particular, at 



