300 Lß- KOTO: CAUSE OF THE UREAT^ 



earthquakes of the Vogtland and the Erzgebirge, with regard to 

 mountain-structures. Hoernes tells us in the concluding- remarks of 

 his paper,* that earthquakes may take origin from different causes; 

 at one time, the falling in of subterranean ca\'ities, though very 

 rarely, and at another, a volcanic explosion, may bring about locally 

 terrible convulsions; hut hy far the greater nwnher of eartliquahes and the 

 most terrible ones are the direct outcome of the process of mountain-making. 

 Under the last category are included those shakings whose frequency 

 and seismic area are more or less closely connected with certain lines, 

 upon which the shakings are repeatedly observed. As they appear 

 to have some direct relation to the activity of mountain -building, 

 Hoernes gave them the name of tectonic earthquakes. 



Having given a general retrospect of views as to the causes of 

 earthquakes, I. may now proceed to the immediate subject of this 

 paper, which is divided into five sections, as follows : — 

 I. Dislocations. 



II. Geology and topography of Mino and Owari. 

 III. The great earthquake of the Mino- Owari plain. 

 £V. Various views as to the origin and cause of the 



earthquake. 

 V. Relation of the great fault to the recent earthquake. 

 VI. The course of the line of the great fault that caused the 

 earthquake. 

 VII. Concluding remarks. 



* Erdbeben-Studien. Jahrbuch d. k. k. geol. Eeichsanstalt, 28 Bd., p. M8. ' 



