EARTHQUAKE OF CENTRAL JAPAN, 1891. 3yC) 



Sea. Beyond the mountaiii- ridge lie the provinces of Echizen and 

 Kaga, where the Mesozoic formation is extensively developed, and later 

 on has been intruded into in places by masses of Tertiary eruptives. 



A plain of consideral)le extent, ^^■orthy of mention here, is the 

 basin of the Kudzuryù-gawa, in the centre of which lies the city of 

 Fukui. This region felt severe shocks during the late earth([U;ike, and 

 suffered calamity surp;issed in extent only by that felt in Mino and 

 Owari. During' winter-months the icy winds from Siberia, crossin»- the 

 waters of the Japan Sea, blow strongly against the ridge, and copious] v 

 precipitate moisture in the form of snow. This part of the country 

 presents a dreary aspect, and is untrodden land within the heart ot tlie 

 Main Island. It is rarely visited by geologists, but Mr. Kochil)e, du- 

 ring his reconnaissance survey, once crossed the range in going north- 

 ward from (.Trifu, through the Neo valley, which is well known since 

 the last earthquake, to Echizen, over the pass of Haibôshi. The line 

 of section, c — </., PI. XXVIIL, is constructed from his tield-sketch, 

 supplemented by one by myself. 



This section is one drawn nortliward from a ])oiiit south of 

 Yamaguchi up to the top of liakusan ((xongen-yama), for a distance 

 of 27 km., and goes obliquely through the wIkjIc Pakeozoic formations 

 of the North of Mino. 



Just at the entrance of the valley near Yamaguchi, a bed of 

 hornstone is exposed with a l)and of limestone in it which encloses 

 abundant remains of crinoids and foraminifera. This com])lex .is 

 followed to the north and oveilaid l)y skite with the strike nearly cast 

 to west ; then come hornstone, sandstone, and again slate, and so on, 

 with northerly dips usually at very high angles. The lithological 

 characters are rather constant throughout the whole valley, and the 

 multifarious alternations of the above-mentioned rocks constitute the 

 Palœozoic formations of this district. The strike of the rocks remains 



